This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements in this Report are indicated by words such as "anticipates," "expects," "believes," "intends," "plans," "estimates," "projects," "strategies" and similar expressions. These statements represent our expectations based on current information and assumptions and are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those which are anticipated or projected as a result of certain risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, changes in business relationships with our major customers and in the timing, size and continuation of our customers' programs; changes in our supply chain financing arrangements, such as changes in terms, termination of contracts and/or the impact of rising interest rates; the ability of our customers to achieve their projected sales; competitive product and pricing pressures; increases in production or material costs, including procurement costs resulting from higher tariffs, that cannot be recouped in product pricing; the performance of the aftermarket, heavy duty, industrial equipment and original equipment markets; changes in the product mix and distribution channel mix; economic and market conditions; successful integration of acquired businesses; our ability to achieve benefits from our cost savings initiatives; product liability and environmental matters (including, without limitation, those related to asbestos-related contingent liabilities and remediation costs at certain properties); the effects of widespread public health crises, including the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic; as well as other risks and uncertainties, such as those described under Risk Factors, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk and those detailed herein and from time to time in the filings of the Company with theSEC . Forward-looking statements are made only as of the date hereof, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In addition, historical information should not be considered as an indicator of future performance. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this Report.
Overview
We are a leading independent manufacturer and distributor of premium replacement parts for the engine management and temperature control systems of motor vehicles in the automotive aftermarket industry with a complementary focus on the heavy duty, industrial equipment and original equipment markets. We are organized into two operating segments. Each segment focuses on providing our customers with full-line coverage of its products, and a full suite of complementary services that are tailored to our customers' business needs and driving end-user demand for our products. We sell our products primarily to automotive aftermarket retailers, program distribution groups, warehouse distributors, original equipment manufacturers and original equipment service part operations inthe United States ,Canada ,Europe ,Asia ,Mexico and other Latin American countries. Our Culture Our Company was founded in 1919 on the values of ethics, integrity, common decency and respect for others. These values continue to this day and are embodied in our Code of Ethics, which has been adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company to serve as a statement of principles to guide our decision-making and reinforce our commitment to these values in all aspects of our business. We believe that our commitment to our Company, our employees and the communities within which we operate has led to high employee satisfaction and low employee turnover, and our commitment to our customers, suppliers and business partners has resulted in high customer satisfaction, as evidenced by the customer awards that we routinely win, and decades-long customer relationships. We also take environmental and social issues seriously. We believe that our commitment to identifying and implementing positive environmental and social related business practices strengthens our Company, improves our relationship with our shareholders and better serves our customers, our communities and the broader environment within which we conduct our business. 28
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Seasonality
Historically, our operating results have fluctuated by quarter, with the greatest sales occurring in the second and third quarters of the year and revenues generally being recognized at the time of shipment. It is in these quarters that demand for our products is typically the highest, specifically in the Temperature Control Segment of our business. In addition to this seasonality, the demand for our temperature control products during the second and third quarters of the year may vary significantly with the summer weather and customer inventories. For example, a warm summer, as we experienced in 2018, may increase the demand for our temperature control products, while a mild summer, as we experienced in 2017, may lessen such demand. As a result of this seasonality and variability in demand of our Temperature Control products, our working capital requirements typically peak near the end of the second quarter, as the inventory buildup of air conditioning products is converted to sales and payments on the receivables associated with such sales have yet to be received. During this period, our working capital requirements are typically funded by borrowing from our revolving credit facility.
Inventory Management
We face inventory management issues as a result of overstock returns. We permit our customers to return new, undamaged products to us within customer-specific limits (which are generally limited to a specified percentage of their annual purchases from us) in the event that they have overstocked their inventories. In addition, the seasonality of our Temperature Control Segment requires that we increase our inventory during the winter season in preparation of the summer selling season and customers purchasing such inventory have the right to make returns. We accrue for overstock returns as a percentage of sales after giving consideration to recent returns history.
Discounts, Allowances, and Incentives
We offer a variety of usual customer discounts, allowances and incentives. First, we offer cash discounts for paying invoices in accordance with the specified discount terms of the invoice. Second, we offer pricing discounts based on volume purchased from us and participation in our cost reduction initiatives. These discounts are principally in the form of "off-invoice" discounts and are immediately deducted from sales at the time of sale. For those customers that choose to receive a payment on a quarterly basis instead of "off-invoice," we accrue for such payments as the related sales are made and reduce sales accordingly. Finally, rebates and discounts are provided to customers as advertising and sales force allowances, and allowances for warranty and overstock returns are also provided. Management analyzes historical returns, current economic trends, and changes in customer demand when evaluating the adequacy of the sales returns and other allowances. Significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with establishing the sales returns and other allowances in any accounting period. We account for these discounts and allowances as a reduction to revenues, and record them when sales are recorded. 29
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Impact of the Novel Coronavirus ("COVID-19")
InMarch 2020 , theWorld Health Organization declared the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) a pandemic, which has spread globally and created significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption in many countries in which we operate, includingthe United States ,Mexico ,Canada ,Poland , andChina . In certain countries in which we operate, national, state and local governments implemented a variety of measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that had the effect of restricting or limiting, among other activities, the operations of certain businesses. While many of these measures have been eased, allowing for increased economic activity during the second quarter of 2020, there can be no assurances that restrictive measures will not be implemented again if the outbreak were to increase. As we were declared an essential business under national and regional shelter-in place orders, our business operations have continued throughout the first six months of 2020. During the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , our overall business remained relatively stable, with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic weakening our sales in the second half ofMarch 2020 , as customer POS sales began to soften. InApril 2020 , we experienced a significant reduction in customer demand for our products. As many of the national and regional shelter-in-place orders were eased, our business began to rebound inMay 2020 . The trend continued intoJune 2020 as we continued to experience an increase in incoming orders and increased demand for our products. As we begin our third quarter of 2020, our business is improving to pre-COVID-19 levels with our customers' POS sales exceeding their comparable figures for 2019. Overall, our net sales for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 have declined$57.2 million , or 18.8%, and$86.7 million , or 14.7%, respectively, compared to the three and six months endedJune 30, 2019 . Our gross margins decreased to 26% in the second quarter of 2020, compared to 29.1% in the second quarter of 2019, and decreased to 26.8% in the first six months of 2020, compared to 28.3% in the first six months of 2019. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have established a committee, comprised of our executive officers, to oversee the Company's risk identification, management and mitigation strategies regarding the impact of the pandemic on our business and operations. Among the issues that are actively being managed by the committee are those relating to the duration, severity and scope of the pandemic, the impact of governmental measures in response to the pandemic, potentially declining customer demand for our products, the deterioration of general economic conditions, potential disruptions in our supply chain, the management of inventories and production volumes, cost reduction and cash preservation initiatives, and the enactment of policies and practices to ensure the health and safety of our employees, contractors and customers. The committee continues to meet on a regular basis, closely monitoring events related to the pandemic and any appropriate actions that may be taken. During the second quarter of 2020, we implemented many cost reduction measures in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, including the reduction of discretionary spending and the temporary reduction of production levels in several of our facilities in line with the lower customer demand levels, including the temporary closures of our facilities inMexico andCanada . These facilities have since been reopened, and the production levels at all facilities have been adjusted to meet the increase in customer demand after considering current inventory levels and the stability of our supply chain.
We
continue to closely monitor customer demand and inventory levels as we manage the production levels at all of our facilities.
Additionally, as part of the cost reduction measures implemented by us in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, inApril 2020 , our Board of Directors approved to temporarily (a) reduce base salaries of ourOffice of Chief Executive (i.e., the Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Commercial Officer) by 25%, (b) reduce the base salaries of our other executives by 10%, (c) reduce non-employee directors' annual cash and equity retainers by 25%, and (d) suspend our quarterly cash dividend payments and stock repurchases until further notice. We continue to analyze our cost structure in response to the challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, and we may implement additional cost reduction measures, or modify or terminate any prior cost reduction measures taken as general business conditions warrant. Regarding the health and welfare of our employees, contractors and customers, we have implemented a number of policies and practices at all of our facilities. We have provided personal protection equipment, including face masks and gloves, to all our employees and require their usage while at work, have installed plexiglas partitions where appropriate, and require temperature checks for all employees and visitors upon entering our facilities. We have established protocols for individualswho have tested positive, and for employeeswho have symptoms or have been exposed to the virus. All of our facilities are thoroughly cleaned and sanitized daily, and all state mandated protocols are followed as employees return to work after the lifting of shelter-in-place orders. The health and safety of our employees, vendors and visitors has always been and will continue to be our first priority. 30
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Finally, inApril 2020 , we borrowed$75 million under our amended credit agreement. The borrowing was made as a precautionary measure to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility in light of the uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. InJune 2020 , we repaid the additional$75 million of borrowed funds. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition and results of operations in the third quarter of 2020 and future periods may continue to be significant based upon the significant volatility, uncertainty and potential economic disruption caused by the pandemic. See "Interim Results of Operations" and Item 1A "Risk Factors" of this Report for a further discussion of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Impact of CARES Act
InMarch 2020 , theU.S. enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"). The CARES Act was passed to protect Americans from the public health and economic impacts of COVID-19. The CARES Act provides for fast and direct assistance for American workers, families and small businesses, and preserves jobs for American industries. As related to the preservation of jobs for American industries, the CARES Act includes the enactment of an employee retention feature, a payroll tax deferral opportunity and, in certain instances, payroll support and business loans. The payroll tax deferral opportunity in the CARES Act enables businesses to enhance their cash flow by permitting the cash deferral of the payment of the employer's share of theSocial Security tax they otherwise would be responsible for paying to the federal government with respect to their employees. The amount of the cash deferral will be paid over the next two years, with 50% of the amount to be paid byDecember 31, 2021 and the remaining 50% byDecember 31, 2022 . InApril 2020 , we elected to defer our share of the employers'Social Security tax relating to wages paid to our employees. The total cash deferral as ofJune 30, 2020 is$1.7 million , which we plan to pay equally byDecember 31, 2021 and 2022. The employee retention feature of the CARES Act enables employers to obtain a tax credit for wages paid to employees unable to provide services to the company as a result of COVID-19. The tax credit is limited to 50% of up to$10,000 of wages per employee paid, or incurred, fromMarch 13, 2020 throughDecember 31, 2020 . Although our manufacturing facilities were deemed to be an essential business and continued to operate, our headquarters inLong Island City, New York were forced to close under theNew York State shelter-in-place mandate by the governor. We are currently reviewing the employee retention feature of the CARES Act to determine our eligibility for the 50% tax credit throughout the company. Additionally, we are in the process of investigating eligibility for wage subsidies inCanada andPoland under local law.
Impact of Changes in
Changes inU.S. trade policy, particularly as it relates toChina , as with much of our industry, have resulted in the assessment of increased tariffs on goods that we import intothe United States . Although our operating results for the first six months of 2020 have been slightly impacted by the timing of Chinese sourced products, we have taken, and continue to take, several actions to mitigate the impact of the increased tariffs, including but not limited to, price increases to our customers. We do not anticipate that the increased tariffs will have a significant impact on our future operating results. Although we are confident that we will be able to pass along the impact of the increased tariffs to our customers, there can be no assurances that we will be able to pass on the entire increased costs imposed by the tariffs. 31
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Interim Results of Operations:
Comparison of the Three Months Ended
Sales. Consolidated net sales for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 were$247.9 million , a decrease of$57.2 million , or 18.8%, compared to$305.2 million in the same period of 2019, with the majority of our net sales to customers located inthe United States . Consolidated net sales decreased in both our Engine Management and Temperature Control Segments. The following table summarizes consolidated net sales by segment and by major product group within each segment for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands): Three Months EndedJune 30, 2020 2019
Engine Management: Ignition, Emission Control, Fuel and Safety Related System Products
$ 142,787 $ 181,831 Wire and Cable. 30,366 36,211 Total Engine Management 173,153 218,042 Temperature Control: Compressors 44,878 52,493 Other Climate Control Parts 27,514 31,913 Total Temperature Control 72,392 84,406 All Other 2,394 2,724 Total$ 247,939 $ 305,172 Engine Management's net sales decreased$44.9 million , or 20.6%, to$173.2 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 . Net sales in ignition, emission control, fuel and safety related system products for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 were$142.8 million , a decrease of$39 million , or 21.5%, compared to$181.8 million in the same period of 2019. Net sales in the wire and cable product group for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 were$30.4 million , a decrease of$5.8 million , or 16.1%, compared to$36.2 million in the three months endedJune 30, 2019 . Engine Management's decrease in net sales for the second quarter of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 results primarily from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of national and regional shelter-in-place orders. As many of the national and regional shelter-in-place orders were eased, Engine Management's net sales strengthened inMay 2020 , and continued intoJune 2020 . Temperature Control's net sales decreased$12 million , or 14.2%, to$72.4 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 . Net sales in the compressors product group for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 were$44.9 million , a decrease of$7.6 million , or 14.5%, compared to$52.5 million in the same period of 2019. Net sales in the other climate control parts product group for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 were$27.5 million , a decrease of$4.4 million , or 13.8%, compared to$31.9 million in the three months endedJune 30, 2019 . Temperature Control's decrease in net sales for the second quarter of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 results primarily from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of national and regional shelter-in-place orders. As many of the national and regional shelter-in-place orders were eased, Temperature Control's net sales strengthened inMay 2020 , and continued intoJune 2020 . Demand for our Temperature Control products may vary significantly with summer weather conditions and customer inventory levels. Gross Margins. Gross margins, as a percentage of consolidated net sales, decreased to 26% in the second quarter of 2020, compared to 29.1% in the second quarter of 2019. The following table summarizes gross margins by segment for the three months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively (in thousands): Three Months Ended Engine Temperature June 30, Management Control Other Total 2020 Net sales$ 173,153 $ 72,392 $ 2,394 $ 247,939 Gross margins 46,230 16,520 1,608 64,358 Gross margin percentage 26.7 % 22.8 % - 26 % 2019 Net sales$ 218,042 $ 84,406 $ 2,724 $ 305,172 Gross margins 63,780 22,551 2,574 88,905 Gross margin percentage 29.3 % 26.7 % - 29.1 % 32
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Compared to the second quarter of 2019, gross margins at Engine Management decreased 2.6 percentage points from 29.3% to 26.7%, while gross margins at Temperature Control decreased 3.9 percentage points from 26.7% to 22.8%. The gross margin percentage decrease in Engine Management compared to the prior year primarily reflects the negative impact of lower year-over-year absorption due to lower sales levels and production volumes, and was also partly impacted by the negative impact of unfavorable product and customer mix. The gross margin percentage decrease in Temperature Control compared to the prior year reflects primarily the negative impact of lower year-over-year absorption due to lower production volumes. The lower production volumes at both Engine Management and Temperature Control is reflective of the general slowdown in the worldwide economy caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as we temporarily reduced production levels in several of our facilities in line with lower customer demand. As customer demand began to increase during the second quarter of 2020, the production levels at all of our facilities have been adjusted to meet the increase in customer demand. We continue to closely monitor customer demand and inventory levels as we manage the production levels at all of our facilities. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A") were$48.3 million , or 19.5% of consolidated net sales, in the second quarter of 2020, as compared to$60.5 million , or 19.8% of consolidated net sales, in the second quarter of 2019. The$12.2 million decrease in SG&A expenses as compared to the second quarter of 2019 is principally due to (1) lower selling, marketing and distribution costs associated with lower sales volumes, (2) lower costs incurred related to our accounts receivable supply chain financing arrangements resulting from lower sales volumes, as well as lower discount rates, (3) lower incentive compensation expenses and, (4) lower other general and administrative expenses resulting from the impact of our cost reduction measures implemented in the second quarter of 2020, including the reduction of discretionary spending. Restructuring and Integration Expenses. Restructuring and integration expenses for the second quarter of 2020 were$9,000 compared to restructuring and integration expenses of$0.6 million for the second quarter of 2019. The restructuring and integration expenses incurred in the second quarter of 2020 and 2019 consist of costs related to residual relocation activities in our Engine Management segment in connection with our integration of the Pollak business of Stoneridge, Inc., acquired inApril 2019 . As ofJune 30, 2020 , all restructuring and integration initiatives have been substantially completed. Operating Income. Operating income decreased to$16 million in the second quarter of 2020, compared to$27.7 million in the second quarter of 2019. The year-over-year decrease in operating income of$11.7 million is the result of the impact of lower consolidated net sales, and lower gross margins as a percentage of consolidated net sales, offset, in part, by lower SG&A expenses, and lower restructuring and integration expenses. Other Non-Operating Income, Net. Other non-operating income, net was$0.6 million in the second quarter of 2020, compared to$1.4 million in the second quarter of 2019. The year-over-year decrease in other non-operating income, net results primarily from the decrease in year-over-year equity income from our joint ventures. The lower year-over-year equity income from our joint ventures is reflective of the general slowdown in the worldwide economy caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased to
Income Tax Provision. The income tax provision in the second quarter of 2020 was$4 million at an effective tax rate of 25.3% compared to$6.9 million at an effective tax rate of 25% for the same period in 2019. The slightly higher effective tax rate in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019 results primarily from lower mix of foreign income from our joint ventures compared to ourU.S. taxable income. 33
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Loss from Discontinued Operations. During the second quarter of 2020 and 2019, the loss from discontinued operations, net of tax was$0.9 million and$1.1 million , respectively. The loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, reflects legal expenses associated with our asbestos-related liability. As discussed more fully in Note 16, "Commitments and Contingencies" in the notes to our consolidated financial statements (unaudited), we are responsible for certain future liabilities relating to alleged exposure to asbestos containing products. For further information regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, refer to the paragraphs entitled, "Impact of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)" and "Impact of CARES Act," in Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Form 10Q.
Comparison of the Six Months Ended
Sales. Consolidated net sales for the six months ended
The following table summarizes consolidated net sales by segment and by major product group within each segment for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands): Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 2019 Engine Management: Ignition, Emission Control, Fuel and Safety Related System Products$ 307,313 $ 357,892 Wire and Cable 66,958 73,339 Total Engine Management 374,271 431,231 Temperature Control: Compressors 70,226 92,304 Other Climate Control Parts 53,608 61,026 Total Temperature Control 123,834 153,330 All Other 4,136 4,377 Total$ 502,241 $ 588,938 Engine Management's net sales decreased$57 million , or 13.2%, to$374.3 million for the first six months of 2020. Net sales in ignition, emission control, fuel and safety related system products for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 were$307.3 million , a decrease of$50.6 million , or 14.1%, compared to$357.9 million in the same period of 2019. Net sales in the wire and cable product group for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 were$67 million , a decrease of$6.3 million , or 8.7%, compared to$73.3 million in the six months endedJune 30, 2019 . InApril 2019 , we acquired certain assets and liabilities of the Pollak business of Stoneridge, Inc. Incremental sales from our acquisition of the Pollak business of$9.5 million were included in the net sales of the ignition, emission control, fuel and safety related system products market for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 . Excluding the incremental sales from the acquisition, net sales in the ignition, emission control, fuel and safety related system products market decreased$60.1 million , or 16.8%, and Engine Management net sales decreased$66.5 million , or 15.4%. Engine Management's decrease in net sales for the first six months of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 results primarily from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of national and regional shelter-in-place orders related thereto; and to a lesser extent the impact of several pipeline orders from certain customers in the first quarter of 2019 that did not recur in the same period of 2020.
As
many of the national and regional shelter-in-place orders were eased, Engine
Management's net sales strengthened in
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Temperature Control's net sales decreased$29.5 million , or 19.2%, to$123.8 million for the first six months of 2020. Net sales in the compressors product group for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 were$70.2 million , a decrease of$22.1 million , or 23.9%, compared to$92.3 million in the same period of 2019. Net sales in the other climate control parts product group for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 were$53.6 million , a decrease of$7.4 million , or 12.1%, compared to$61 million in the six months endedJune 30, 2019 . Temperature Control's decrease in net sales for the first six months of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 results from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of national and regional shelter-in-place orders related thereto; and to the impact of strong pre-season orders in the first quarter of 2019 that did not occur in the first quarter of 2020, which resulted from the impact of a somewhat mild summer in 2019 which left inventory levels at our customers higher than the prior year. As many of the national and regional shelter-in-place orders were eased, Temperature Control's net sales strengthened in May, 2020, and continued intoJune 2020 . Demand for our Temperature Control products may vary significantly with summer weather conditions and customer inventory levels. Gross Margins. Gross margins, as a percentage of consolidated net sales, decreased to 26.8% in the first six months of 2020, compared to 28.3% during the same period in 2019. The following table summarizes gross margins by segment for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively (in thousands): Six Months Ended Engine Temperature June 30, Management Control Other Total 2020 Net sales$ 374,271 $ 123,834 $ 4,136 $ 502,241 Gross margins 102,935 28,616 3,202 134,753 Gross margin percentage 27.5 % 23.1 % - 26.8 % 2019 Net sales$ 431,231 $ 153,330 $ 4,377 $ 588,938 Gross margins 123,473 38,742 4,653 166,868 Gross margin percentage 28.6 % 25.3 % - 28.3 % Compared to the first six months of 2019, gross margins at Engine Management decreased 1.1 percentage points from 28.6% to 27.5%, while gross margins at Temperature Control decreased 2.2 percentage points from 25.3% to 23.1%. The gross margin percentage decrease in Engine Management compared to the prior year primarily reflects the negative impact of lower year-over-year absorption due to lower sales levels and production volumes, and was also partly due to the negative impact of unfavorable product and customer mix. The gross margin percentage decrease in Temperature Control compared to the prior year reflects primarily the negative impact of lower year-over-year absorption due to lower production volumes. The lower production volumes at both Engine Management and Temperature Control is reflective of the general slowdown in the worldwide economy caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as we temporarily reduced production levels in several of our facilities in line with lower customer demand. As customer demand began to increase during the second quarter of 2020, the production levels at all of our facilities have been adjusted to meet the increase in customer demand. We continue to closely monitor customer demand and inventory levels as we manage the production levels at all of our facilities. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A") decreased to$104.2 million , or 20.7% of consolidated net sales, in the first six months of 2020, as compared to$120.5 million , or 20.5% of consolidated net sales in the first six months of 2019. The$16.3 million decrease in SG&A expenses as compared to the second quarter of 2019 is principally due to (1) lower selling, marketing and distribution costs associated with lower sales volumes, (2) lower costs incurred related to our accounts receivable supply chain financing arrangements resulting from lower sales volumes, as well as lower discount rates, (3) lower incentive compensation expenses and, (4) lower other general and administrative expenses resulting from the impact of our cost reduction measures implemented in the second quarter of 2020, including the reduction of discretionary spending, all of which more than offset the impact of incremental expenses of$1.1 million from ourApril 2019 acquisition of certain assets and liabilities of the Pollak business of Stoneridge. Inc., including amortization of intangible assets acquired. 35
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Restructuring and Integration Expenses. Restructuring and integration expenses for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 were$0.2 million compared to restructuring and integration expenses of$0.6 million in the same period of 2019. The restructuring and integration expenses incurred for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019 consist of costs related to residual relocation activities in our Engine Management segment in connection with our integration of the Pollak business of Stoneridge, Inc., acquired inApril 2019 . As ofJune 30, 2020 , all restructuring and integration initiatives have been substantially completed. Operating Income. Operating income was$30.3 million in the first six months of 2020, compared to$45.7 million for the same period in 2019. The year-over-year decrease in operating income of$15.4 million is the result of the impact of lower consolidated net sales, and lower gross margins as a percentage of consolidated net sales, offset, in part, by lower SG&A expenses and lower restructuring and integration expenses. Other Non-Operating Income, Net. Other non-operating income, net was$0.1 million in the first six months of 2020, compared to other non-operating income, net of$2.1 million in the first six months of 2019. The year-over-year decrease in other non-operating income, net results primarily from the decrease in year-over-year equity income from our joint ventures and the unfavorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The lower year-over-year equity income from our joint ventures is reflective of the general slowdown in the worldwide economy caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased to
Income Tax Provision. The income tax provision for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 was$7.3 million at an effective tax rate of 25.4%, compared to$11.3 million at an effective tax rate of 25.1% for the same period in 2019. The slightly higher effective tax rate in the first six months of 2020 compared to the first six months of 2019 results primarily from lower mix of foreign income from our joint ventures compared to ourU.S. taxable income. Loss from Discontinued Operations. During the first six months of 2020 and 2019, the loss from discontinued operations, net of tax was$1.9 million and$2 million , respectively. The loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, reflects legal expenses associated with our asbestos-related liability. As discussed more fully in Note 16, "Commitments and Contingencies" in the notes to our consolidated financial statements (unaudited), we are responsible for certain future liabilities relating to alleged exposure to asbestos containing products. For further information regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, refer to the paragraphs entitled, "Impact of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)" and "Impact of CARES Act," in Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Form 10Q.
Restructuring and Integration Programs
All of our restructuring and integration programs have been substantially completed. For a detailed discussion on the restructuring and integration costs, see Note 4, "Restructuring and Integration Expenses," of the notes to our consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Operating Activities. During the first six months of 2020, cash used in operating activities was$0.9 million compared to$19.5 million in the same period of 2019; and cash provided by operating activities in the second quarter of 2020 was$31.9 million compared to$7.2 million in the second quarter of 2019. The decrease in cash used in operating activities during the first six months of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 resulted primarily from the decrease in inventories compared to an increase in inventories in the prior year, the decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets compared an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the prior year, and the increase in sundry payables and accrued expenses compared to a decrease in sundry payables and accrued expenses in the prior year, partially offset by the decrease net earnings, the larger year-over-year increase in accounts receivable, and the larger year-over-year decrease in accounts payable. Net earnings during the first six months of 2020 were$19.6 million compared to$31.6 million in the first six month of 2019. During the first six of 2020, (1) the increase in accounts receivable was$51.3 million compared to the year-over-year increase in accounts receivable of$26.6 million in 2019; (2) the decrease in inventories was$12.7 million compared to the year-over-year increase in inventories of$19.7 million in 2019; (3) the decrease in accounts payable was$21.8 million compared to the year-over-year decrease in accounts payable of$7 million in 2019; (4) the decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets was$5.7 million compared to the year-over-year increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of$6.4 million in 2019; and (5) the increase in sundry payables and accrued expenses was$14.8 million compared to the year-over-year decrease in sundry payables of$7.5 million in 2019. We continue to actively manage our working capital to maximize our operating cash flow. Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities was$9 million in the first six months of 2020, compared to$41.2 million in the same period of 2019; and cash used in investing activities in the second quarter of 2020 was$4.6 million compared to$42.9 million in the second quarter of 2019. Investing activities during the first six months of 2020 consisted of capital expenditures of$9 million ; while investing activities during the first six months of 2019 consisted of (1) net cash proceeds of$4.8 million received inJanuary 2019 from theDecember 2018 sale of our property inGrapevine, Texas ; (2) the payment of$38.4 million for ourApril 2019 acquisition of certain assets and liabilities of the Pollak business of Stoneridge, Inc.; and (3) capital expenditures of$7.6 million . Financing Activities. Cash provided by financing activities was$21.8 million in the first six months of 2020 as compared to$66.6 million in the same period of 2019; and cash used in financing activities in the second quarter of 2020 was$18.1 million compared to cash provided by financing activities of$41.4 million in the second quarter of 2019. During the first six months of 2020, (1) we increased borrowings under our revolving credit facility by$32.5 million as compared to the increase in borrowings under our revolving credit facility of$86.3 million in 2019; (2) we made cash payments in the first six months of 2020 for the repurchase of shares of our common stock of$8.7 million as compared to$10.7 million in 2019; and (3) we paid dividends of$5.6 million in the first six months of 2020 as compared to$10.3 million in the comparable period last year. InJanuary 2020 , our Board of Directors voted to increase our quarterly dividend from$0.23 per share in 2019 to$0.25 per share in 2020. InApril 2020 , in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, our Board of Directors approved to temporarily suspend our quarterly cash dividend payments and stock repurchases until further notice, and we borrowed$75 million under our revolving credit facility as a precautionary measure to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility. InJune 2020 , we repaid the additional$75 million of borrowed funds. InDecember 2018 , we amended our Credit Agreement withJPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A ., as agent, and a syndicate of lenders. The amended credit agreement provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility with a line of credit of up to$250 million (with an additional$50 million accordion feature) and extends the maturity date toDecember 2023 . The line of credit under the amended credit agreement also allows for a$10 million line of credit toCanada as part of the$250 million available for borrowing. Direct borrowings under the amended credit agreement bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.75% based on our borrowing availability, or floating at the alternate base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75% based on our borrowing availability, at our option. The amended credit agreement is guaranteed by certain of our subsidiaries and secured by certain of our assets. 37
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Borrowings under the amended credit agreement are secured by substantially all of our assets, including accounts receivable, inventory and certain fixed assets, and those of certain of our subsidiaries. Availability under the amended credit agreement is based on a formula of eligible accounts receivable, eligible drafts presented to the banks under our supply chain financing arrangements and eligible inventory. After taking into account outstanding borrowings under the amended credit agreement there was an additional$146.4 million available for us to borrow pursuant to the formula atJune 30, 2020 . Outstanding borrowings under the amended credit agreement, which are classified as current liabilities, were$85 million and$52.5 million atJune 30, 2020 andDecember 31, 2019 , respectively; while letters of credit outstanding under the amended credit agreement were$3.1 million atJune 30, 2020 andDecember 31, 2019 . Borrowings under the amended credit agreement have been classified as current liabilities based upon accounting rules and certain provisions in the agreement. AtJune 30, 2020 , the weighted average interest rate on our amended credit agreement was 1.4%, which consisted of$85 million in direct borrowings. AtDecember 31, 2019 , the weighted average interest rate on our amended credit agreement was 3.5%, which consisted of$40 million in direct borrowings at 2.3% and an alternative base rate loan of$12.5 million at 5%. During the six months endedJune 30, 2020 , our average daily alternative base rate loan balance was$1.7 million , compared to a balance of$1.6 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2019 , and a balance of$1.7 million for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 . At any time that our borrowing availability is less than the greater of either (a)$25 million , or 10% of the commitments if fixed assets are not included in the borrowing base, or (b)$31.25 million , or 12.5% of the commitments if fixed assets are included in the borrowing base, the terms of the amended credit agreement provide for, among other provisions, a financial covenant requiring us, on a consolidated basis, to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of 1:1 at the end of each fiscal quarter (rolling four quarters). As ofJune 30, 2020 , we were not subject to these covenants. The amended credit agreement permits us to pay cash dividends of$20 million and make stock repurchases of$20 million in any fiscal year subject to a minimum availability of$25 million . Provided specific conditions are met, the amended credit agreement also permits acquisitions, permissible debt financing, capital expenditures, and cash dividend payments and stock repurchases of greater than$20 million . Our Polish subsidiary, SMP Poland sp. z.o.o., has entered into an overdraft facility withHSBC France (Spolka Akcyjna) Oddzial w Polsce, formerlyHSBC Bank Polska S.A. , forZloty 30 million (approximately$7.5 million ). The facility, as amended, expires inDecember 2020 . Borrowings under the overdraft facility will bear interest at a rate equal to WIBOR + 0.75% and are guaranteed byStandard Motor Products, Inc. , the ultimate parent company. AtJune 30, 2020 andDecember 31, 2019 , borrowings under the overdraft facility wereZloty 24.1 million (approximately$6 million ) andZloty 16.7 million (approximately$4.4 million ), respectively. In order to reduce our accounts receivable balances and improve our cash flow, we are party to several supply chain financing arrangements, in which we may sell certain of our customers' trade accounts receivable to such customers' financial institutions. We sell our undivided interests in certain of these receivables at our discretion when we determine that the cost of these arrangements is less than the cost of servicing our receivables with existing debt. Under the terms of the agreements, we retain no rights or interest, have no obligations with respect to the sold receivables, and do not service the receivables after the sale. As such, these transactions are being accounted for as a sale. Pursuant to these agreements, we sold$147.7 million and$297.9 million of receivables during the three months and six months endedJune 30, 2020 , respectively, and$190 million and$361 million for the comparable periods in 2019, all of which were reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheet at the time of sale. A charge in the amount of$3.1 million and$5.9 million related to the sale of receivables was included in selling, general and administrative expense in our consolidated statements of operations for the three months and six months endedJune 30, 2020 , respectively, and$6.4 million and$12.1 million for the comparable periods in 2019. To the extent that these arrangements are terminated, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity could be adversely affected by extended payment terms, delays or failures in collecting trade accounts receivables. The utility of the supply chain financing arrangements also depends upon the LIBOR rate, as it is a component of the discount rate applicable to each arrangement. If the LIBOR rate increases significantly, we may be negatively impacted as we may not be able to pass these added costs on to our customers, which could have a material and adverse effect upon our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 38
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InMay 2018 , our Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to$20 million of our common stock under a stock repurchase program. Stock will be purchased from time to time, in the open market or through private transactions, as market conditions warrant. Under this program, during the year endedDecember 31, 2018 and six months endedJune 30, 2019 , we repurchased 201,484 and 221,748 shares of our common stock, respectively, at a total cost of$9.3 million and$10.7 million , respectively, thereby completing the 2018 Board of Directors authorization. InMarch 2020 , our Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to$20 million of our common stock under a new stock repurchase program. Stock will be purchased from time to time, in the open market or through private transactions, as market conditions warrant. Under this program, during the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 , we repurchased 222,741 shares of our common stock at a total cost of$8.7 million . Our last common stock repurchase was made onMarch 20, 2020 . InApril 2020 , in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, our Board of Directors approved to temporarily suspend our stock repurchases until further notice. As ofJune 30, 2020 , there was approximately$11.3 million available for future stock purchases under the program. We anticipate that our cash flow from operations, available cash and available borrowings under our revolving credit facility will be adequate to meet our future liquidity needs for at least the next twelve months. Significant assumptions underlie this belief, including, among other things, that we will be able to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and operating cash flow by managing our inventories and production levels to align with customer demand for our products, and effectively managing our costs and expenses, and that there will be no material adverse developments in our business, liquidity or capital requirements. If material adverse developments were to occur in any of these areas, there can be no assurance that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations, or that future borrowings will be available to us under our revolving credit facility in amounts sufficient to enable us to pay the principal and interest on our indebtedness, or to fund our other liquidity needs. In addition, if we default on any of our indebtedness, or breach any financial covenant in our revolving credit facility, our business could be adversely affected. For further information regarding the risks of our business, refer to Item 1A "Risk Factors" in this Report and Item 1A "Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endingDecember 31, 2019 .
The following table summarizes our contractual commitments as of
(In thousands) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025-2028 Total Operating lease obligations$ 4,461 $ 8,421 $ 7,020 $ 5,685 $ 3,881 $ 7,844 $ 37,312 Postretirement benefits 18 32 29 25 25 50 179 Severance payments related to restructuring and integration 105 142 28 1 - - 276 Total commitments$ 4,584 $ 8,595 $ 7,077 $ 5,711 $ 3,906 $ 7,894 $ 37,767
(a) Indebtedness under our revolving credit facility is not included in the table
above as it is reported as a current liability in our consolidated balance
sheets. As of
facilities were
Critical Accounting Policies
We have identified several accounting policies as critical to our business operations and the understanding of our results of operations. The impact and any associated risks related to these policies on our business operations is discussed throughout "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," where such policies affect our reported and expected financial results. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from the information provided in Note 1 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 . 39
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You should be aware that preparation of our consolidated quarterly financial statements in this Report requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. We can give no assurances that actual results will not differ from those estimates. Although we do not believe that there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the future estimates, or in the assumptions that we use in calculating the estimates, the uncertain future effects of the COVID-19 pandemic based upon the volatility, uncertainty and potential economic disruption caused by the pandemic, and other unforeseen changes in the industry, or business, could materially impact the estimates, and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
For a detailed discussion on recently issued accounting pronouncements and their impact on our consolidated financial statements, see Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of the notes to our consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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