Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report to "us," "we," "our" or the "Company" are toTalos Energy Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on, and should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto in Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements" of this Quarterly Report, as well as our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto in our 2021 Annual Report and the related Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our 2021 Annual Report.
Our Business
We are a technically driven independent exploration and production company focused on safely and efficiently maximizing long-term value through our operations, currently inthe United States ("U.S.") and offshoreMexico both through upstream oil and gas exploration and production and the development ofcarbon capture and sequestration ("CCS") opportunities. We leverage decades of technical and offshore operational expertise towards the acquisition, exploration and development of assets in key geological trends that are present in many offshore basins around the world. With a focus on environmental stewardship, we also utilize our expertise to explore opportunities to reduce industrial emissions through our CCS initiatives both in and along the coast of theU.S. Gulf of Mexico . We have historically focused our operations in theU.S. Gulf of Mexico because of our deep experience and technical expertise in the basin, which maintains favorable geologic and economic conditions, including multiple reservoir formations, comprehensive geologic and geophysical databases, extensive infrastructure and an attractive and robust asset acquisition market. Additionally, we have access to state-of-the-art three-dimensional seismic data, some of which is aided by new and enhanced reprocessing techniques that have not been previously applied to our current acreage position. We use our broad regional seismic database and our reprocessing efforts to generate a large and expanding inventory of high-quality prospects, which we believe greatly improves our development and exploration success. The application of our extensive seismic database, coupled with our ability to effectively reprocess this seismic data, allows us to both optimize our organic drilling program and better evaluate a wide range of business development opportunities, including acquisitions and collaborative arrangement opportunities, among others. In order to determine the most attractive returns for our drilling program, we employ a disciplined portfolio management approach to stochastically evaluate all of our drilling prospects, whether they are generated organically from our existing acreage, an acquisition or joint venture opportunities. We add to and reevaluate our inventory in order to deploy capital as efficiently as possible.
Significant Developments
Below is a cumulative list of significant developments that have occurred since the filing of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period endedJune 30, 2022 . EnVen Acquisition - OnSeptember 21, 2022 , we executed a merger agreement to acquireEnVen Energy Corporation ("EnVen"), a private operator in the DeepwaterU.S. Gulf of Mexico , for approximately$1.1 billion in stock and cash consideration (the "EnVen Acquisition," and such agreement, the "EnVen Merger Agreement"). The EnVen Acquisition is expected to double our operated Deepwater facility footprint by adding key infrastructure in our existing operating areas. Upon closing, we expect this to increase our production by approximately 40% or 24.0 MBoep/d and increase our gross acreage by 35%. Consideration for the EnVen Acquisition consists of 43.8 million shares of our common stock and$212.5 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments. Following the EnVen Acquisition, our shareholders will own approximately 66% of the pro forma company and EnVen's equity holders will own the remaining 34%. The closing of the EnVen Acquisition is expected to occur by lateDecember 2022 or earlyJanuary 2023 . OnOctober 21, 2022 ,Talos Production Inc. commenced a consent solicitation to obtain the requisite holders' consent to certain amendments to the indenture governing its 12.00% Notes (as defined below under " - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Overview of Debt Instruments") to permit the incurrence of indebtedness with respect to EnVen's 11.75% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due 2026. See Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies" for additional information. 24
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2022 Drilling Program - We recently commenced drilling operations with the Seadrill Sevan Louisiana rig on our Lime Rock prospect near our operatedRam Powell facility and the rig will move to drill the adjacentVenice prospect once the Lime Rock drilling operations are complete. We own a 60% working interest in both prospects and expect first oil within 12-18 months from beginning drilling operations at each prospect. Prior to commencing operations at Lime Rock, we encountered issues related to strong looping ocean currents while performing a well recompletion project. The recompletion operation has been suspended and we plan to return to the project at a later date. Phoenix Field Update - Production from one of our Tornado wells generated increased water volumes during the third quarter primarily as a result of the ongoing sub-surface water flood project in the Phoenix Field. This water breakthrough occurred earlier than originally expected, though within the range of projected outcomes in previous reservoir simulations used for the 2021 year-end reserves. We currently expect minor negative revisions to proved reserves as a result of timing impacts of early water breakthrough. Oxy Transaction - InAugust 2022 , we entered into an eight block cross assignment (the "Joint Area") with Occidental Petroleum Corporation ("Oxy"), which resulted in Oxy being the operator with a 70% working interest and we have the remaining 30% working interest. We contributed 100% working interest in two blocks withinGreen Canyon area to the Joint Area. We and Oxy will commence drilling an exploration well in the Joint Area in the first half of 2023. Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the "IRA") - OnAugust 16, 2022 ,President Biden signed the IRA into law. The inclusion of several provisions in the IRA is expected to benefit both our upstream and CCS businesses. Specifically, the IRA directs theDepartment of the Interior ("DOI") to:
•
accept the highest bids received for Lease Sale 257, which was vacated by
•
move forward with Lease Sales 259 and 261 in theGulf of Mexico byMarch 31, 2023 andSeptember 30, 2023 , respectively, notwithstanding theJune 30, 2022 expiration of the 2017-2022 Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program. We were one of the most active bidders in Lease Sale 257 and were the high bidder on 10 blocks and awarded leases on 9 blocks. The IRA also links issuance of federal wind and solar development rights to requirements to offer for sale federal oil and gas leases for a 10-year period of time. The IRA requires the federal government to offer for sale a minimum of 60 million acres for offshore oil and gas leases during the one-year period immediately preceding granting an offshore wind lease on theU.S. Outer Continental Shelf.
The IRA incentivizes additional capital investment in CCS projects by developers and sponsors through the following:
•
increases the Section 45Q tax credit value from$50 per metric ton to$85 per metric ton for qualifiedcarbon oxide captured from an industrial source and stored in secure geologic formations if certain prevailing wage and apprenticeship requirements are met;
•
expands eligibility forcarbon capture and sequestration credits under Section 45Q by extending the beginning of the construction deadline from beforeJanuary 1, 2026 to beforeJanuary 1, 2033 ; and
•
allows taxpayers to now claim the value of a Section 45Q tax credit with respect tocarbon capture equipment originally placed in service afterDecember 31, 2022 as a direct pay option (i.e.; through a tax refund as if there had been an overpayment of taxes). Both taxable and tax-exempt entities may elect the direct pay option, but any taxable entity may only elect such option for the first 5 years of the tax credit period that is otherwise available. The IRA also raises the minimum oil and gas royalty rate for new offshore leases from the current 12.5% to 16.7% and caps the royalty rate at 18.8% for 10 years; however this provision does not affect existing offshore leases. The 18.8% cap is commensurate with existing offshore royalty rate for leases in water depth exceeding 200 meters. 25
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Additionally, the IRA imposes a first-ever federal fee on greenhouse gases through a methane emissions charge. The IRA amends the federal Clean Air Act to impose a charge on emissions of methane from sources required to report their GHG emissions to theU.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA "), including those sources in the offshore and onshore oil and gas production, and onshore processing, transmission and compression, gathering, and boosting station source categories. For such qualifying facilities, the charge starts at$900 per metric ton of methane reported for calendar year 2024, increasing to$1,200 per metric ton of methane for calendar year 2025 and again to$1,500 per metric ton of methane for calendar year 2026 and year thereafter. Calculation of the charge is based on certain thresholds established in the IRA. The charge will be based on the prior year's emissions, and the charge starts in 2025 based on 2024 data. The methane emissions charge could increase our operating costs and adversely affect our business.
Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following items affect the comparability of our financial condition and results of operations for periods presented herein and could potentially continue to affect our future financial condition and results of operations.
Planned Downtime - We are vulnerable to downtime events impacting the transportation, gathering and processing of production. We produce the Phoenix Field through the Helix Producer I (the "HP-I") that is operated by Helix Energy Solutions Group, Inc. ("Helix"). Helix is required to disconnect and dry-dock the HP-I every two to three years for inspection as required by theU.S. Coast Guard , during which time we are unable to produce the Phoenix Field. During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , Helix dry-docked the HP-I. After conducting sea trials, production resumed in mid-September, resulting in a total shut-in period of 41 days. The shut-in resulted in an estimated deferred production of approximately 6.2 MBoepd and 2.1 MBoepd for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , respectively, based on production rates prior to the shut-in. During the third quarter of 2022, we experienced approximately 17 days of planned third-party downtime due to maintenance of the Shell Odyssey Pipeline, which carries our production primarily from ourRam Powell Field ,Main Pass 288 Field and non-operatedDelta House facility. Production resumed inOctober 2022 . We estimate the shut-in resulted in deferred production of approximately 1.8 MBoepd and 0.6 MBoepd for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , respectively, based on production rates prior to the shut-in. Eugene Island Pipeline System - During the first quarter of 2022, we experienced approximately 40 days of unplanned third-party downtime due to maintenance of the Eugene Island Pipeline System, which carries our production from the Phoenix Field andGreen Canyon 18 Field. For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we estimate the shut-in resulted in deferred production of approximately 1.5 MBoepd based on production rates prior to the shut-in. Hurricanes and Tropical Storms - During the third quarter of 2021, production from theU.S. Gulf of Mexico was impacted due to Hurricane Ida. While our assets did not sustain significant damage, the storm impacted key third-party downstream infrastructure, which prevented us from restoring the majority of our production for several weeks. For the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we estimate that deferred production related to this storm was approximately 12.7 MBoepd and 4.3 MBoepd, respectively, based on production rates prior to the storm. We did not experience any disruptions to our operations from hurricanes or tropical storms during the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 .
Known Trends and Uncertainties
See Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our 2021 Annual Report for a detailed discussion of known trends and uncertainties. The following carries forward or provides an update to known trends and uncertainties discussed in our 2021 Annual Report. Volatility in Oil, Natural Gas and NGL Prices - Historically, the markets for oil and natural gas have been volatile. Oil, natural gas and NGL prices are subject to wide fluctuations in supply and demand. Our revenue, profitability, access to capital and future rate of growth depends upon the price we receive for our sales of oil, natural gas and NGL production. 26
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Significant progress has been made to reduce the risk of spreading COVID-19 and its multiple variants, however, certain regions in the world remain negatively impacted by outbreaks of COVID-19 that continue to degrade economic activity. Additionally, the risk of a new variant of COVID-19 disrupting global economic activity remains persistent and its impact on our operational and financial performance will depend on developments that are difficult to predict, including the duration and spread of the outbreak and its impact on our personnel, customer activity and third-party providers. During the periodJanuary 1, 2022 throughSeptember 30, 2022 , the daily spot prices for NYMEX WTI crude oil ranged from a high of$123.64 per Bbl to a low of$75.99 per Bbl, and the daily spot prices for NYMEX Henry Hub natural gas ranged from a high of$9.85 per MMBtu to a low of$3.73 per MMBtu. Although we cannot predict the occurrence of events that may affect future commodity prices or the degree to which these prices will be affected, the prices for any commodity that we produce will generally approximate current market prices in the geographic region of production. We hedge a portion of our commodity price risk to mitigate the impact of price volatility on our business. See Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 4 - Financial Instruments" for additional information regarding our commodity derivative positions as ofSeptember 30, 2022 .The U.S. Energy Information Administration ("EIA") published its latest Short-Term Energy Outlook onOctober 12, 2022 . The EIA expects the Henry Hub spot price will average$9.03 per MMBtu in the fourth quarter of 2022 and then fall to an average$6.01 per MMBtu in 2023 asU.S. natural gas production rises. The EIA also expects the WTI spot price will average$91.98 per Bbl in the fourth quarter of 2022 and average$90.91 per Bbl in 2023. The EIA expects average crude oil prices to mostly remain between$90.00 per Bbl -$100.00 per Bbl 2023, with the possibility for significant volatility around those averages. Recent events contributing to increased uncertainty in the crude oil market include: (i) the impact of the OPEC Plus decision to reduce crude oil production by 2.0 MBbl per day beginning inNovember 2022 and the potential for further production cuts in the future; (ii) the threat of increasing conflict following the outbreak of violent clashes in the Libyan capital of Tripoli; (iii) uncertainty around the potential expiration of the current coordinated petroleum release from theU.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserves to reduce domestic gasoline prices; (iv) the potential re-negotiation of a nuclear agreement withIran that could lift sanctions on the country and allowIran's crude oil exports into the market; and (v) the risk associated with hurricanes and tropical storms. Inflation of Cost of Goods, Services and Personnel - Due to the cyclical nature of the oil and gas industry, fluctuating demand for oilfield goods and services can put pressure on the pricing structure within our industry. As commodity prices rise, the cost of oilfield goods and services generally also increase, while during periods of commodity price declines, oilfield costs typically lag and do not adjust downward as fast as oil prices do. In addition, theU.S. inflation rate has been steadily increasing since 2021 and into 2022. These inflationary pressures may also result in increases to the costs of our oilfield goods, services and personnel, which would in turn cause our capital expenditures and operating costs to rise. Sustained levels of high inflation could likely cause theU.S. Federal Reserve and other central banks to further increase interest rates, which could have the effects of raising the cost of capital and depressing economic growth, either or both of which could hurt our business. Impairment ofOil and Natural Gas Properties - Under the full cost method of accounting, the "ceiling test" underSEC rules and regulations specifies that evaluated and unevaluated properties' capitalized costs, less accumulated amortization and related deferred income taxes (the "Full Cost Pool "), should be compared to a formulaic limitation (the "Ceiling") each quarter on a country-by-country basis. If theFull Cost Pool exceeds the Ceiling, an impairment must be recorded. For the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, we did not recognize an impairment based on the ceiling test computations. AtSeptember 30, 2022 our ceiling test computation was based onSEC pricing of$93.61 per Bbl of oil,$6.56 per Mcf of natural gas and$35.94 per Bbl of NGLs. There is a significant degree of uncertainty with the assumptions used to estimate the present value of future net cash flows from estimated production of proved oil and gas reserves due to, but not limited to the risk factors referred to in Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" included in our 2021 Annual Report. The discounted present value of our proved reserves is a major component of the Ceiling calculation. Any decrease in pricing, negative change in price differentials or increase in capital or operating costs could negatively impact the estimated future discounted net cash flows related to our proved oil and natural gas properties. 27
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With respect to our operations inMexico , our oil and natural gas properties are classified as unproved properties, not subject to amortization. The submission of the Unit Development Plan for the Zama Field to theNational Hydrocarbon Commission , which will set out the terms on which the reservoir will be jointly developed, is expected byMarch 2023 and could adversely affect the value of theMexico oil and natural gas assets and result in an impairment of our unevaluated oil and gas properties. BOEM Bonding Requirements - In 2016, the BOEM issued the 2016 Notice to Lessees and Operators ("NTL"), which bolstered supplemental bonding requirements. The NTL was not fully implemented as the BOEM under theTrump Administration first paused, and then in 2020 rescinded, this NTL. The future cost of compliance with respect to supplemental bonding, including the obligations imposed on us, whether as current or predecessor lessee or grant holder, as a result of the implementation of a new NTL analogous to the 2016 NTL to the extent finalized, as well as to the provisions of any other new, more stringent NTLs or final rules on supplemental bonding published by the BOEM under theBiden Administration , could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. Moreover, the BOEM has the right to issue liability orders in the future, including if it determines there is a substantial risk of nonperformance of the current interest holder's decommissioning liabilities and theBiden Administration may elect to pursue more stringent supplemental bonding requirements. Deepwater Operations - We have interests in Deepwater fields in theU.S. Gulf of Mexico . Operations in Deepwater can result in increased operational risks as has been demonstrated by the Deepwater Horizon disaster in 2010. Despite technological advances since this disaster, liabilities for environmental losses, personal injury and loss of life and significant regulatory fines in the event of a disaster could be well in excess of insured amounts and result in significant current losses on our statements of operations as well as going concern issues. Oil Spill Response Plan - We maintain a Regional Oil Spill Response Plan that defines our response requirements, procedures and remediation plans in the event we have an oil spill. Oil spill response plans are generally approved by the BSEE bi-annually, except when changes are required, in which case revised plans are required to be submitted for approval at the time changes are made. Additionally, these plans are tested and drills are conducted periodically at all levels. Hurricanes and Tropical Storms - Since our operations are in theU.S. Gulf of Mexico , we are particularly vulnerable to the effects of hurricanes and tropical storms on production and capital projects. Significant impacts could include reductions and/or deferrals of future oil and natural gas production and revenues, increased lease operating expenses for evacuations and repairs and possible acceleration of plugging and abandonment costs. Five-Year Offshore Oil and Gas Leasing Program Update - Under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act ("OCSLA"), as amended, the BOEM within the DOI must prepare and maintain forward-looking five-year plans-referred to by BOEM as national programs or five-year programs-to schedule proposed oil and gas lease sales on theU.S. Outer Continental Shelf. OnMay 11, 2022 , the DOI cancelled two lease auctions in theGulf of Mexico , Lease Sales 259 and 261, and one auction in the Cook Inlet,Alaska , Lease Sale 258, under the 2017-2022 national program that was developed under theObama Administration , which expired onJune 30, 2022 . The DOI cited "conflicting court rulings" as the primary reason for not holding the twoGulf of Mexico lease sales. As discussed above under " - Significant Developments,"President Biden signed the IRA into law onAugust 16, 2022 . The IRA reinstates Lease Sale 257 held inNovember 2021 , and requires the DOI to both accept all valid high bids received in Lease Sale 257 and issue leases to the high bidders. We were one of the most active bidders in Lease Sale 257 and we were the the high bidder on 10 blocks and awarded leases on 9 blocks. Furthermore, the DOI must holdGulf of Mexico lease sales 259 and 261 byMarch 31, 2023 , andSeptember 30, 2023 , respectively. BOEM's development of a new national program typically takes place over several years, during which successive drafts of the program are published for review and comment. At the end of the process, the Secretary of the Interior must submit the Proposed Final Program to the President and toCongress for a period of at least 60 days, after which the program may be approved by the Secretary of the Interior and may take effect with no further regulatory or legislative action. 28
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BOEM took the first formal step in pursuit of a new five-year national program inJanuary 2018 by releasing a Draft Proposed Program. The OCSLA and its implementing regulations call for two subsequent drafts, a Proposed Program ("PP"), which is open for public comment for a period of at least 90 days, and then a Proposed Final Program, which is submitted toCongress and the President for 60 days before implementation. These later program stages also are accompanied by publication of a draft and final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement ("PEIS"), with a period for public comment on the draft PEIS. The PP and a draft PEIS for the 2023-2028 five-year period were published in theFederal Register onJuly 8, 2022 , with a 90-day comment period. The public comment period has now closed, and BOEM is reviewing the comments received. The PP includes no more than ten potential lease sales in theGulf of Mexico ; however, BOEM's subsequent Proposed Final Program for 2023-2028 could reduce the number ofGulf of Mexico lease sales in the national program. When the 2023-2028 national program will be approved and implemented remains uncertain.Congress may influence theBiden Administration's development and implementation of the five-year 2023-2028 national program by submitting public comments during formal comment periods, by evaluating programs in committee oversight hearings, and, more directly, by enacting legislation with program requirements. It is possible that the program could be delayed if opponents of offshore oil and gas production initiate lawsuits challenging BOEM's actions.
How We Evaluate Our Operations
We use a variety of financial and operational metrics to assess the performance of our oil and natural gas operations, including:
•
production volumes;
•
realized prices on the sale of oil, natural gas and NGLs, including the effect of our commodity derivative contracts;
• lease operating expenses; • capital expenditures; and •
Adjusted EBITDA, which is discussed under "-Supplemental Non-GAAP Measure" below.
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Table of Contents Results of Operations Revenue The information below provides a discussion of, and an analysis of significant variance in, our oil, natural gas and NGL revenues, production volumes and sales prices (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 Change 2022 2021 Change Revenues: Oil$ 295,585 $ 246,208 $ 49,377 $ 1,078,800 $ 743,759 $ 335,041 Natural gas 68,360 31,723 36,637 181,747 86,088 95,659 NGL 13,183 12,978 205 49,232 31,738 17,494 Total revenues$ 377,128 $ 290,909 $ 86,219 $ 1,309,779 $ 861,585 $ 448,194 Total Production Volumes: Oil (MBbls) 3,258 3,609 (351 ) 11,020 11,827 (807 ) Natural gas (MMcf) 7,292 6,975 317 24,746 24,055 691 NGL (MBbls) 403 429 (26 ) 1,372 1,344 28 Total production volume (MBoe) 4,876 5,200 (324 ) 16,516 17,180 (664 ) Daily Production Volumes by
Product:
Oil (MBblpd) 35.4 39.2 (3.8 ) 40.4 43.3 (2.9 ) Natural gas (MMcfpd) 79.3 75.8 3.5 90.6 88.1 2.5 NGL (MBblpd) 4.4 4.7 (0.3 ) 5.0 4.9 0.1 Total production volume (MBoepd) 53.0 56.5 (3.5 ) 60.5 62.9 (2.4 ) Average Sale Price Per Unit: Oil (per Bbl)$ 90.73 $ 68.22 $ 22.51 $ 97.89 $ 62.89$ 35.00 Natural gas (per Mcf)$ 9.37 $ 4.55 $ 4.82 $ 7.34 $ 3.58$ 3.76 NGL (per Bbl)$ 32.71 $ 30.25 $ 2.46 $ 35.88 $ 23.61$ 12.27 Price per Boe$ 77.34 $ 55.94 $ 21.40 $ 79.30 $ 50.15$ 29.15 Price per Boe (including realized
commodity derivatives)
The information below provides an analysis of the change in our oil, natural gas and NGL revenues due to changes in sales prices and production volumes (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 vs 2021 September 30, 2022 vs 2021 Price Volume Total Price Volume Total Revenues: Oil$ 73,322 $ (23,945 ) $ 49,377 $ 385,793 $ (50,752 ) $ 335,041 Natural gas 35,195 1,442 36,637 93,185 2,474 95,659 NGL 992 (787 ) 205 16,833 661 17,494 Total revenues$ 109,509 $ (23,290 ) $ 86,219 $ 495,811 $ (47,617 ) $ 448,194 Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 Volumetric Analysis - Production volumes decreased by 3.5 MBoepd to 53.0 MBoepd. The decrease in production volumes was primarily due to the third party downtime associated with the HP-I dry-dock in ourPhoenix Field and the Shell Odyssey Pipeline shut-in primarily impacting ourRam Powell Field ,Main Pass 288 Field and non-operatedDelta House facility, which resulted in 6.2 MBoepd and 1.8 MBoepd of deferred production, respectively. Additionally, production volumes decreased 4.3 MBoepd and 1.8 MBoepd primarily attributable to well performance and natural production declines in ourPhoenix Field andGreen Canyon 18 Field, respectively. The decrease was partially offset by an increase of 12.7 MBoepd in deferred production attributable to Hurricane Ida in 2021. 30
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Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 Volumetric Analysis - Production volumes decreased by 2.4 MBoepd to 60.5 MBoepd. The decrease in production volumes was primarily due to the third party downtime for the HP-I dry-dock in ourPhoenix Field , the Eugene Island Pipeline System shut-in primarily impacting HP-I andGreen Canyon 18 Field and the Shell Odyssey Pipeline shut-in primarily impacting ourRam Powell Field ,Main Pass 288 Field and non-operatedDelta House facility, which resulted in 4.2 MBoepd of deferred production. Additionally, production volumes decreased 1.7 MBoepd at Delta House, a non-operated facility located inMississippi Canyon , primarily related to temporary shut-ins for repairs and maintenance and natural production declines. The decrease was partially offset by an increase of 4.3 MBoepd in deferred production attributable to Hurricane Ida in 2021.
Operating Expenses
Lease Operating Expense
The following table highlights lease operating expense items in total and on a cost per Boe production basis. The information below provides the financial results and an analysis of significant variances in these results (in thousands, except per Boe data): Three Months EndedSeptember 30 ,
Nine Months Ended
2022 2021 2022 2021
Lease operating expenses $ 81,760 $ 70,034
16.77 $ 13.47
$ 13.87 $ 12.15
Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 - Lease operating expense for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 increased by approximately$11.7 million , or 17%. The increase is primarily due to a$4.9 million increase in facility and workover expense related to repairs and maintenance at the Phoenix Field and the Pompano Field. Additionally, there was a$1.7 million increase in company and contract labor compared to the same period in 2021 and$1.4 million reduction in production handling fees related to reimbursements for costs from certain third parties. Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 - Lease operating expense for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 increased by approximately$20.5 million , or 10%. The increase is primarily due to a$19.8 million increase in facility and workover expense related to repairs and maintenance at the Phoenix Field and the Gunflint Field. Additionally, there was a$4.8 million increase in company and contract labor compared to the same period in 2021. This increase was partially offset by$7.0 million in additional production handling fees related to reimbursements for costs from certain third parties.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization
The following table highlights depreciation, depletion and amortization items in total and on a cost per Boe production basis. The information below provides the financial results and an analysis of significant variances in these results (in thousands, except per Boe data): Three Months EndedSeptember 30 ,
Nine Months Ended
2022 2021 2022 2021 Depreciation, depletion and amortization $ 92,323 $ 88,596$ 295,174 $ 290,094 Depreciation, depletion and amortization per Boe $ 18.93 $ 17.04 $ 17.87 $ 16.89 Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 - Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 increased by approximately$3.7 million , or 4%. This was primarily due to an increase of$1.85 per Boe, or 11%, in the depletion rate on our proved oil and natural gas properties partially offset by decreased production of 3.5 MBoepd. Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 - Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 increased by approximately$5.1 million , or 2%. This was primarily due to an increase of$1.00 per Boe, or 6% in the depletion rate on our proved oil and natural gas properties partially offset by decreased production of 2.4 MBoepd. 31
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General and Administrative Expense
The following table highlights general and administrative expense items in total and on a cost per Boe production basis. The information below provides the financial results and an analysis of significant variances in these results (in thousands, except per Boe data): Three Months EndedSeptember 30 ,
Nine Months Ended
2022 2021 2022 2021 General and administrative expense $ 25,289 $ 20,427 $ 70,742 $ 58,993 General and administrative expense per Boe $ 5.19 $ 3.93 $ 4.28 $ 3.43 Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 - General and administrative expense for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 increased by approximately$4.9 million , or 24%. This increase was primarily related to non-cash equity-based compensation of$4.3 million , or$0.88 per Boe, during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , which is an increase of$1.7 million . Additionally, there was an increase in transaction costs of$2.8 million primarily related to the EnVen Acquisition. On a per unit basis, general and administrative expense increased$1.26 Boe primarily due to decreased production of 3.5 MBoepd. Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 - General and administrative expense for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 increased by approximately$11.7 million , or 20%. This increase was primarily related to$5.6 million of expenses incurred by our emerging CCS operating segment during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , an increase of$4.1 million . There was an increase in transaction costs of$2.0 million primarily related to the EnVen Acquisition. Additionally, general and administrative expense includes non-cash equity-based compensation of$11.7 million , or$0.71 per Boe, during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , an increase of$3.4 million . On a per unit basis, general and administrative expense increased$0.85 per Boe primarily due to decreased production of 2.4 MBoepd. Miscellaneous The following table highlights miscellaneous items in total. The information below provides the financial results and an analysis of significant variances in these results (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Accretion expense$ 13,179 $ 13,668 $ 42,400 $ 44,110 Other operating (income) expense$ (366 ) $ 5,081 $ 12,142 $ 6,864 Interest expense$ 29,265 $ 32,390 $ 91,531$ 100,036 Price risk management activities (income) expense$ (114,180 ) $ 81,479 $ 231,133 $ 405,604 Equity method investment income $ 991 $ - $ 14,599 $ - Other (income) expense$ (692 ) $ (4,475 ) $ (31,991 ) $ 7,916 Income tax (benefit) expense $ 121 $ (364 ) $ 2,256 $ 718
Three Months Ended
Other Operating (Income) Expense - During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we recorded$0.1 million of estimated decommissioning obligations primarily as a result of working interest partners or counterparties of divesture transactions that were unable to perform the required abandonment obligations due to bankruptcy or insolvency. During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we recorded$4.1 million of estimated decommissioning obligations. See further discussion in Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies." Interest Expense - During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we recorded$29.3 million of interest expense compared to$32.4 million during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The change is primarily the result of the decrease in interest associated with the Bank Credit Facility (as defined below under " - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Overview of Debt Instruments") with outstanding borrowings of$60.0 million as ofSeptember 30, 2022 when compared to$400.0 million as ofSeptember 30, 2021 . 32
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Price Risk Management Activities - The income of$114.2 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 consists of$195.3 million in non-cash gains from the increase in the fair value of our open derivative contracts partially offset by$81.1 million in cash settlement losses. The expense of$81.5 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 consists of$71.6 million in cash settlement losses and$9.8 million in non-cash losses from the decrease in the fair value of our open derivative contracts. These unrealized gains or losses on open derivative contracts relate to production for future periods; however, changes in the fair value of all of our open derivative contracts are recorded as a gain or loss on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations at the end of each month. As a result of the derivative contracts we have on our anticipated production volumes throughDecember 2024 , we expect these activities to continue to impact net income (loss) based on fluctuations in market prices for oil and natural gas. See Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 4 - Financial Instruments." Equity Method Investment Income - During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we recorded equity losses of$0.4 million offset by a$1.4 million gain on partial sale of our equity method investment in Bayou Bend. See Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 9 -Related Party Transactions" for additional information. Other (Income) Expense - During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we recorded a$4.4 million gain as a result of the settlement related to the Whistler Acquisition that is further discussed in Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 9 - Related Party Transactions." Income Tax (Benefit) Expense - During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we recorded$0.1 million of income tax expense compared to$0.4 million of income tax benefit during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The income tax expense for each period is primarily a result of recording a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets. The realization of our deferred tax asset depends on recognition of sufficient future taxable income in specific tax jurisdictions in which temporary differences or net operating losses relate. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion of all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. See additional information on the valuation allowance as described in Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 7 - Income Taxes."
Nine Months Ended
Other Operating (Income) Expense - During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we recorded$10.6 million of estimated decommissioning obligations primarily as a result of working interest partners or counterparties of divesture transactions that were unable to perform the required abandonment obligations due to bankruptcy or insolvency. During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we recorded$6.9 million of estimated decommissioning obligations. See further discussion in Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies." Interest Expense - During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we recorded$91.5 million of interest expense compared to$100.0 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The change is primarily a result of the interest associated with the Bank Credit Facility with outstanding borrowings of$60.0 million as ofSeptember 30, 2022 when compared to$400.0 million as ofSeptember 30, 2021 . Price Risk Management Activities - The expense of$231.1 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 consists of$368.5 million in cash settlement losses partially offset by$137.4 million in non-cash gains from the increase in the fair value of our open derivative contracts. The expense of$405.6 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 consists of$216.4 million in non-cash losses from the decrease in the fair value of our open derivative contracts and$189.3 million in cash settlement losses. These unrealized gains or losses on open derivative contracts relate to production for future periods; however, changes in the fair value of all of our open derivative contracts are recorded as a gain or loss on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations at the end of each month. As a result of the derivative contracts we have on our anticipated production volumes throughDecember 2024 , we expect these activities to continue to impact net income (loss) based on fluctuations in market prices for oil and natural gas. See Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 4 - Financial Instruments." 33
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Equity Method Investment Income - During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we recorded equity losses of$0.7 million offset by a$15.3 million gain on partial sale of our equity method investment in Bayou Bend. See Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 9 -Related Party Transactions" for additional information. Other (Income) Expense - During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we recorded a$27.5 million gain as a result of the settlement agreement to resolve a previously pending litigation that was filed inOctober 2017 that is further discussed in Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies." During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we recorded a$13.2 million loss on extinguishment of debt as a result of the redemption of the 11.00% Second-Priority Senior Secured Notes (the "11.00% Notes"). This was partially offset by a$4.4 million gain as a result of the settlement related to the Whistler Acquisition that is further discussed in Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 9 -Related Party Transactions." Income Tax (Benefit) Expense - During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we recorded$2.3 million of income tax expense compared to$0.7 million of income tax expense during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The change is primarily a result of a discrete tax expense and recording a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets. The realization of our deferred tax asset depends on recognition of sufficient future taxable income in specific tax jurisdictions in which temporary differences or net operating losses relate. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion of all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. See additional information on the valuation allowance as described in Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 7 - Income Taxes."
Supplemental Non-GAAP Measure
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
"EBITDA" and "Adjusted EBITDA" are non-GAAP financial measures used to provide management and investors with (i) additional information to evaluate, with certain adjustments, items required or permitted in calculating covenant compliance under our debt agreements, (ii) important supplemental indicators of the operational performance of our business, (iii) additional criteria for evaluating our performance relative to our peers and (iv) supplemental information to investors about certain material non-cash and/or other items that may not continue at the same level in the future. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP or as alternatives to net income (loss), operating income (loss) or any other measure of financial performance presented in accordance with GAAP.
We define these as the following:
•
EBITDA - Net income (loss) plus interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation, depletion and amortization, and accretion expense.
•
Adjusted EBITDA - EBITDA plus non-cash write-down of oil and natural gas properties, transaction and other (income) expenses, the net change in the fair value of derivatives (mark to market effect, net of cash settlements and premiums related to these derivatives), (gain) loss on debt extinguishment, non-cash write-down of other well equipment inventory and non-cash equity-based compensation expense. 34
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The following table presents a reconciliation of the GAAP financial measure of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods indicated (in thousands):
Three Months EndedSeptember 30 ,
Nine Months Ended
2022 2021 2022 2021 Net income (loss)$ 250,465 $ (16,691 ) $ 379,165$ (263,964 ) Interest expense 29,265 32,390 91,531 100,036 Income tax (benefit) expense 121 (364 ) 2,256 718 Depreciation, depletion and amortization 92,323 88,596 295,174 290,094 Accretion expense 13,179 13,668 42,400 44,110 EBITDA 385,353 117,599 810,526 170,994 Transaction and other (income) expenses(1)(3)(4) 3,239 1,370 (28,303 ) 7,231 Derivative fair value loss (gain)(2) (114,180 ) 81,479 231,133 405,604 Net cash paid on settled derivative instruments(2) (81,162 ) (71,634 ) (368,483 ) (189,252 ) Loss on extinguishment of debt - - - 13,225 Non-cash equity-based compensation expense 4,310 2,613 11,677 8,294 Adjusted EBITDA$ 197,560 $ 131,427 $ 656,550 $ 416,096 (1) Includes transaction-related expenses, decommissioning obligations and other miscellaneous income and expenses. See Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies" for additional information on decommissioning obligations. (2) The adjustments for the derivative fair value (gains) losses and net cash receipts (payments) on settled commodity derivative instruments have the effect of adjusting net loss for changes in the fair value of derivative instruments, which are recognized at the end of each accounting period because we do not designate commodity derivative instruments as accounting hedges. This results in reflecting commodity derivative gains and losses within Adjusted EBITDA on an unrealized basis during the period the derivatives settled. (3) Includes a$27.5 million gain as a result of the settlement agreement to resolve previously pending litigation for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 that was filed inOctober 2017 that is further discussed in Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies." (4) Includes a$1.4 million and$15.3 million gain on partial sale of our equity method investment in Bayou Bend for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , respectively, that is further discussed in Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 9 - Related Party Transactions."
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash generated by our operations and borrowings under our Bank Credit Facility. Our primary uses of cash are for capital expenditures, working capital, debt service and for general corporate purposes. Our working capital deficit has decreased sinceDecember 31, 2021 primarily due to a decrease of$87.3 million in liabilities from price risk management activities and an increase of$26.4 million in assets from price risk management activities. See Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 4 - Financial Instruments." As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , our available liquidity (cash plus available capacity under the Bank Credit Facility) was$806.8 million . We fund exploration and development activities primarily through operating cash flows, cash on hand and through borrowings under the Bank Credit Facility, if necessary. Historically, we have funded significant property acquisitions with the issuance of senior notes, borrowings under the Bank Credit Facility and through additional equity issuances. We occasionally adjust our capital budget in response to changing operating cash flow forecasts and market conditions, including the prices of oil, natural gas and NGLs, acquisition opportunities and the results of our exploration and development activities.
Capital Expenditures - The following is a table of our capital expenditures,
excluding acquisitions, for the nine months ended
U.S. drilling & completions$ 120,510 Mexico appraisal & exploration 301 Asset management 80,704
Seismic and G&G, land, capitalized G&A and other 35,667 CCS(1)
2,027 Total capital expenditures 239,209 Plugging & abandonment 60,304
Total capital expenditures and plugging & abandonment
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(1)
Excludes
Based on our current level of operations and available cash, we believe our cash flows from operations, combined with availability under the Bank Credit Facility, provide sufficient liquidity to fund the remainder of our board approved 2022 capital spending program of$450.0 million to$480.0 million , of which approximately$30.0 million is allocated to CCS. However, our ability to (i) generate sufficient cash flows from operations or obtain future borrowings under the Bank Credit Facility, and (ii) repay or refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all for any potential future acquisitions, joint ventures or other similar transactions, depends on operating and economic conditions, some of which are beyond our control. To the extent possible, we have attempted to mitigate certain of these risks (e.g. by entering into oil and natural gas derivative contracts to reduce the financial impact of downward commodity price movements on a substantial portion of our anticipated production), but we could be required to, or we or our affiliates may from time to time, take additional future actions on an opportunistic basis. To address further changes in the financial and/or commodity markets, future actions may include, without limitation, issuing debt, including secured debt, or issuing equity to directly or independently repurchase or refinance our outstanding indebtedness.
Overview of Cash Flow Activities - The following table summarizes cash flows provided by (used in) by type of activity, for the following periods (in thousands):
Nine Months EndedSeptember 30 ,
2022 2021 Operating activities $ 538,928 $ 287,648 Investing activities$ (198,652 ) $ (212,153 ) Financing activities$ (345,638 ) $ (50,301 ) Operating Activities - Net cash provided by operating activities increased$251.3 million in the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 compared to the corresponding period in 2021 primarily attributable to an increase in revenues net of the change in lease operating expense of$427.7 million . This was offset by an increase in cash payments on derivative instruments of$179.2 million . Investing Activities - Net cash used in investing activities decreased$13.5 million in the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 compared to the corresponding period in 2021 primarily due to$15.0 million in cash proceeds from a partial sale of our investment in Bayou Bend and decreased capital expenditures of$2.0 million offset by contributions to equity investees of$2.3 million . See Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 9 - Related Party Transactions" for additional information. Financing Activities - Cash flow from financing activities decreased$295.3 million in the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 compared to the corresponding period in 2021. During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , net repayments of$315.0 million reduced the Bank Credit Facility. Additionally, we redeemed$6.1 million of our 7.50% Senior Notes.
During the nine months ended
Overview of Debt Instruments
Bank Credit Facility - maturesNovember 2024 - We maintain aBank Credit Facility with a syndicate of financial institutions (the "Bank Credit Facility"). The Bank Credit Facility provides for determination of the borrowing base based on our proved producing reserves and a portion of our proved undeveloped reserves. The borrowing base is redetermined by the lenders at least semi-annually during the second quarter and fourth quarter each year. OnMay 4, 2022 , our borrowing base increased from$950.0 million to$1.1 billion and commitments increased from$791.3 million to$806.3 million . The next scheduled redetermination is expected to occur in the fourth quarter of 2022. See Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 5 - Debt" for more information. 36
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12.00% Second-Priority Senior Secured Notes - dueJanuary 2026 - The 12.00% Second-Priority Senior Secured Notes (the "12.00% Notes") were issued pursuant to an indenture datedJanuary 4, 2021 and the first supplemental indenture datedJanuary 14, 2021 betweenTalos Energy Inc. (the "Parent Guarantor");Talos Production Inc. (the "Issuer"); the Subsidiary Guarantors (defined below); andWilmington Trust, National Association , as trustee and collateral agent. The 12.00% Notes rank pari passu in right of payment and constitute a single class of securities for all purposes under the indentures. The 12.00% Notes are secured on a second-priority senior secured basis by liens on substantially the same collateral as the Issuer's existing first-priority obligations under its Bank Credit Facility. The 12.00% Notes mature onJanuary 15, 2026 and have interest payable semi-annually eachJanuary 15 andJuly 15 . See Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 5 - Debt" for more information. 7.50% Senior Notes - redeemedMay 2022 - The 7.50% Senior Notes matured and were redeemed onMay 31, 2022 . See Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 5 - Debt" for more information. Guarantor Financial Information - We own no operating assets and have no operations independent of our subsidiaries. The 12.00% Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis by the Parent Guarantor and on a second-priority senior secured basis by each of the Issuer's present and future direct or indirect wholly owned material restricted domestic subsidiaries (collectively, the "Subsidiary Guarantors" and, together with the Parent Guarantor, the "Guarantors") that guarantees the Issuer's senior reserve-based revolving credit facility. Our non-domestic subsidiaries and our unrestricted CCS domestic subsidiaries (the "Non-Guarantors") are 100% owned by us but do not guarantee the 12.00% Notes. In lieu of providing separate financial statements for the Issuer and the Guarantors, we have presented the accompanying supplemental summarized combined balance sheet and statement of operations information for the Issuer and the Guarantors on a combined basis after elimination of intercompany transactions and amounts related to investment in any subsidiary that is a Non-Guarantor. The following table presents the balance sheet information for the respective periods (in thousands): September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Current assets $ 342,980 $ 330,415 Non-current assets 2,323,141 2,305,855 Total assets $ 2,666,121 $ 2,636,270 Current liabilities $ 552,275 $ 598,062 Non-current liabilities 1,101,695 1,405,382 Talos Energy Inc. stockholders' equity 1,012,151
632,826
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 2,666,121 $
2,636,270
The following table presents the statement of operations information (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Revenues $ 1,309,779 Costs and expenses (936,118 ) Net income $ 373,661 Material Cash Requirements We have various contractual obligations in the normal course of our operations. There have been no material changes to our material cash requirements from known contractual obligations since those reported in our 2021 Annual Report except:
•
The aggregate principal amount of our Bank Credit Facility decreased from
•
Interest expense through the maturity of our debt instruments decreased in the aggregate by approximately$19.1 million primarily due to the lower borrowings under the Bank Credit Facility; 37
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•
Vessel commitments increased by approximately$33.6 million due to the execution of an offshore drilling rig agreement onApril 6, 2022 . These commitments represent gross contractual obligations and, accordingly, other joint owners in the properties operated by us will be billed for their working interest share of such costs;
•
Derivative net liabilities decreased from
•
Purchase obligations increased from
Performance Obligations - As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , we had secured performance bonds totaling$689.5 million primarily related to plugging and abandonment of wells and removal of facilities in theU.S. Gulf of Mexico and certain obligations under the production sharing contracts withMexico from third party sureties. Additionally, we had secured letters of credit issued under our Bank Credit Facility totaling$3.9 million . Letters of credit that are outstanding reduce the available revolving credit commitments. See the subsection entitled "- Known Trends and Uncertainties - BOEM Bonding Requirements" for additional information on the future cost of compliance with respect to BOEM supplemental bonding requirements that could have a material adverse effect on our business, properties, results of operations and financial condition. See Part I, Item 1. "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 5 - Debt" for further information on the Bank Credit Facility.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We consider accounting policies related to oil and natural gas properties, proved reserve estimates, fair value measure of financial instruments, asset retirement obligations, revenue recognition, imbalances and production handling fees and income taxes as critical accounting policies. The policies include significant estimates made by management using information available at the time the estimates are made. However, these estimates could change materially if different information or assumptions were used. There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies, which are summarized in the Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" section in our 2021 Annual Report.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
None.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
There was no recently issued accounting standards material to us.
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