Forward-Looking Information
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain "forward-looking" statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. "Forward-looking" statements are any statements that are not based on historical information. Statements other than statements of historical facts included in this report, including, without limitation, statements regarding our future financial position, business strategy, the impact of COVID-19 on our business, the efficacy and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, budgets, projected costs and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are "forward-looking" statements. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "may," "will," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "believe," "seek," "estimate" or "continue" or the negative of such words or variations of such words and similar expressions. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, which are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements and we can give no assurance that such forward-looking statements will prove to be correct. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, or "cautionary statements," include, but are not limited to:
• our ability to mitigate the transmission of the current pandemic of the
novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, at our secure facilities, processing
centers and reentry centers and the efficacy and distribution of COVID-19
vaccines;
• the magnitude, severity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows; • our ability to timely build and/or open facilities as planned, successfully manage such facilities and successfully integrate such
facilities into our operations without substantial additional costs; • our ability to estimate the government's level of utilization of public-private partnerships for secure services and the impact of any modifications or reductions by our government customers of their utilization of public-private partnerships;
• our ability to accurately project the size and growth of public-private
partnerships for secure services in the
ability to capitalize on opportunities for public-private partnerships;
• our ability to successfully respond to any challenges or concerns that
our government customers may raise regarding their use of public-private
partnerships for secure services, including finding other government
customers or alternative uses for facilities where a government customer
has discontinued or announced that a contract with us will be discontinued;
• the impact of adopted or proposed executive action or legislation aimed
at limiting public-private partnerships for secure facilities, processing
centers and community reentry centers or limiting or restricting the business and operations of financial institutions or otherswho do business with us; • our ability to successfully respond to delays encountered by states pursuing public-private partnerships for secure services and cost savings initiatives implemented by a number of states; • our ability to activate the inactive beds at our idle facilities;
• our ability to maintain or increase occupancy rates at our facilities;
• the impact of our suspension of quarterly dividend payments and our
ability to maximize the use of cash flows to repay debt, deleverage and
internally fund growth; • the timing and impact of our Board's evaluation of our corporate tax structure and capital structure alternatives;
• our ability to expand, diversify and grow our secure services, reentry,
community-based services, monitoring services, evidence-based supervision
and treatment programs and secure transportation services businesses;
• our ability to win management contracts for which we have submitted
proposals, retain existing management contracts, prevail in any challenge
or protest involving the award of a management contract and meet any performance standards required by such management contracts;
• our ability to raise new project development capital given the often
short-term nature of the customers' commitment to use newly developed
facilities; • our ability to develop long-term earnings visibility;
• our ability to successfully conduct our operations in the
South Africa andAustralia through joint ventures or a consortium; • the impact of the anticipated LIBOR transition in 2021; 32
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• the instability of foreign exchange rates, exposing us to currency risks
in
which we may choose to conduct our business; • an increase in unreimbursed labor rates; • our exposure to rising medical costs;
• our ability to manage costs and expenses relating to ongoing litigation
arising from our operations;
• our ability to accurately estimate on an annual basis, loss reserves
related to general liability, workers' compensation and automobile liability claims; • if we fail to remain qualified as a REIT, we will be subject toU.S.
federal income tax as a regular corporation and could face a substantial
tax liability, which would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our shareholders;
• qualifying as a REIT involves highly technical and complex provisions of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code");
• complying with the REIT requirements may cause us to liquidate or forgo
otherwise attractive opportunities;
• dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates
available for some dividends;
• REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to
execute our business plan; • our cash distributions are not guaranteed and may fluctuate; • certain of our business activities may be subject to corporate level income tax and foreign taxes, which would reduce our cash flows, and may have potential deferred and contingent tax liabilities;
• REIT ownership limitations may restrict or prevent you from engaging in
certain transfers of our common stock;
• our use of taxable REIT subsidiaries ("TRSs") may cause us to fail to
qualify as a REIT;
• new legislation or administrative or judicial action, in each instance
potentially with retroactive effect, could make it more difficult or impossible for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT;
• our ability to fulfill our debt service obligations and its impact on our
liquidity; • our ability to refinance our indebtedness;
• we are incurring significant indebtedness in connection with substantial
ongoing capital expenditures. Capital expenditures for existing and future projects may materially strain our liquidity; • despite current indebtedness levels, we may still incur more indebtedness, which could further exacerbate the risks relating to our indebtedness;
• the covenants in the indentures governing the 6.50% Convertible Notes,
the 6.00% Senior Notes, the 5.125% Senior Notes and the 5.875% Senior
Notes and the covenants in our senior credit facility impose significant
operating and financial restrictions which may adversely affect our ability to operate our business;
• servicing our indebtedness will require a significant amount of cash. Our
ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control and
we may not be able to generate the cash required to service our indebtedness;
• because portions of our senior indebtedness have floating interest rates,
a general increase in interest rates would adversely affect cash flows;
• we depend on distributions from our subsidiaries to make payments on our
indebtedness. These distributions may not be made;
• we may not be able to satisfy our repurchase obligations in the event of
a change of control because the terms of our indebtedness or lack of funds may prevent us from doing so;
• from time to time, we may not have a management contract with a client to
operate existing beds at a facility or new beds at a facility that we are
expanding, and we cannot assure you that such a contract will be
obtained. Failure to obtain a management contract for these beds will
subject us to carrying costs with no corresponding management revenue;
• negative conditions in the capital markets could prevent us from
obtaining financing on desirable terms, which could materially harm our
business;
• we are subject to the loss of our facility management contracts, due to
executive orders, terminations, non-renewals or competitive re-bids,
which could adversely affect our results of operations and liquidity,
including our ability to secure new facility management contracts from other government customers; 33
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Table of Contents • our growth depends on our ability to secure contracts to develop and
manage new secure facilities, processing centers and community based
facilities and to secure contracts to provide electronic monitoring
services, community-based reentry services and monitoring and supervision
services, the demand for which is outside our control;
• we may not be able to meet state requirements for capital investment or
locate land for the development of new facilities, which could adversely
affect our results of operations and future growth;
• we partner with a limited number of governmental customers
for a significant portion of our revenues. The loss of, or a significant
decrease in revenues from, these customers could seriously harm our financial condition and results of operations; • State budgetary constraints may have a material adverse impact on us;
• competition for contracts may adversely affect the profitability of our
business;
• we are dependent on government appropriations, which may not be made on a
timely basis or at all and may be adversely impacted by budgetary
constraints at the federal, state, local and foreign government levels; • public resistance to the use of public-private partnerships for secure facilities, processing centers and community reentry centers could result in our inability to obtain new contracts or the loss of existing
contracts, impact our ability to obtain or refinance debt financing or
enter into commercial arrangements, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and the market price of our securities;
• adverse publicity may negatively impact our ability to retain existing
contracts and obtain new contracts;
• we may incur significant start-up and operating costs on new contracts
before receiving related revenues, which may impact our cash flows and not be recouped;
• failure to comply with extensive government regulation and applicable
contractual requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations; • we may face community opposition to facility locations, which may adversely affect our ability to obtain new contracts;
• our business operations expose us to various liabilities for which we may
not have adequate insurance and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations;
• we may not be able to obtain or maintain the insurance levels required by
our government contracts; • our exposure to rising general insurance costs;
• natural disasters, pandemic outbreaks, global political events and other
serious catastrophic events could disrupt operations and otherwise materially adversely affect our business and financial condition;
• our international operations expose us to risks that could materially
adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations;
• we conduct certain of our operations through joint ventures or
consortiums, which may lead to disagreements with our joint venture partners or business partners and adversely affect our interest in the joint ventures or consortiums;
• we are dependent upon our senior management and our ability to attract
and retain sufficient qualified personnel; • our profitability may be materially adversely affected by inflation;
• various risks associated with the ownership of real estate may increase
costs, expose us to uninsured losses and adversely affect our financial
condition and results of operations;
• risks related to facility construction and development activities may
increase our costs related to such activities;
• the rising cost and increasing difficulty of obtaining adequate levels of
surety credit on favorable terms could adversely affect our operating
results;
• adverse developments in our relationship with our employees could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations;
• technological changes could cause our electronic monitoring products and
technology to become obsolete or require the redesign of our electronic
monitoring products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business;
• any negative changes in the level of acceptance of or resistance to the
use of electronic monitoring products and services by governmental
customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and results of operations;
• we depend on a limited number of third parties to manufacture and supply
quality infrastructure components for our electronic monitoring products.
If our suppliers cannot provide the components or services we require and
with such quality as we expect, our ability to market and sell our electronic monitoring products and services could be harmed; 34
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• the interruption, delay or failure of the provision of our services or
information systems could adversely affect our business;
• an inability to acquire, protect or maintain our intellectual property
and patents in the electronic monitoring space could harm our ability to
compete or grow;
• our electronic monitoring products could infringe on the intellectual
property rights of others, which may lead to litigation that could itself
be costly, could result in the payment of substantial damages or
royalties, and/or prevent us from using technology that is essential to
our products;
• we license intellectual property rights in the electronic monitoring
space, including patents, from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, our competitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license;
• we may be subject to costly product liability claims from the use of our
electronic monitoring products, which could damage our reputation, impair the marketability of our products and services and force us to pay costs and damages that may not be covered by adequate insurance;
• our ability to identify suitable acquisitions, and to successfully
complete and integrate such acquisitions on satisfactory terms, to
enhance occupancy levels and the financial performance of assets acquired
and estimate the synergies to be achieved as a result of such acquisitions;
• as a result of our acquisitions, we have recorded and will continue to
record a significant amount of goodwill and other intangible assets. In
the future, our goodwill or other intangible assets may become impaired,
which could result in material non-cash charges to our results of operations; • we are subject to risks related to corporate social responsibility; • the market price of our common stock may vary substantially;
• future sales of shares of our common stock or securities convertible into
common stock could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and may be dilutive to current shareholders; • various anti-takeover protections applicable to us may make an acquisition of us more difficult and reduce the market value of our common stock; • failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 could have an adverse effect on our business and the trading price of our common stock;
• we may issue additional debt securities that could limit our operating
flexibility and negatively affect the value of our common stock; and • other factors contained in our filings with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, or the
the Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with theSEC . We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Introduction
The following discussion and analysis provides information which management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of numerous factors including, but not limited to, those described above under "Forward-Looking Information", those described below under "Part II - Item 1A. Risk Factors" under "Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 and under "Part II - Item 1A Risk Factors" in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter endedMarch 31, 2021 . The discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. 35
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We are a fully-integrated real estate investment trust ("REIT") specializing in the ownership, leasing and management of secure facilities, processing centers and reentry facilities and the provision of community-based services and youth services inthe United States ,Australia ,South Africa and theUnited Kingdom . We own, lease and operate a broad range of secure facilities including maximum, medium and minimum-security facilities, processing centers, as well as community-based reentry facilities. We develop new facilities based on contract awards, using our project development expertise and experience to design, construct and finance what we believe are state-of-the-art facilities. We provide innovative technologies, industry-leading monitoring services, and evidence-based supervision and treatment programs for community based programs. We also provide secure transportation services domestically and in theUnited Kingdom through our joint ventureGEOAmey PECS Ltd. ("GEOAmey"). AtJune 30, 2021 , our worldwide operations include the management and/or ownership of approximately 90,000 beds at 114 secure services and community based facilities, including idle facilities, and also include the provision of community supervision services for more than 200,000 individuals, including over 100,000 through an array of technology products including radio frequency, GPS, and alcohol monitoring devices.
We provide a diversified scope of services on behalf of our government agency partners:
• our secure facility management services involve the provision of security,
administrative, rehabilitation, education, and food services at secure
services facilities; • our community based services involve supervision of individuals in community-based programs and re-entry centers and the provision of
temporary housing, programming, employment assistance and other services
with the intention of the successful reintegration of residents into the community;
• we provide comprehensive electronic monitoring and supervision services;
• we develop new facilities, using our project development experience to
design, construct and finance what we believe are state-of-the-art facilities; • we provide secure transportation services; and
• our services are provided at facilities which we either own, lease or are
owned by the government. For the six months endedJune 30, 2021 and 2020, we had consolidated revenues of$1,141.8 million and$1,192.8 million , respectively. We maintained an average company-wide facility occupancy rate of 87.0% including 79,726 active beds and excluding 10,104 idle beds which includes those being marketed to potential customers for the six months endedJune 30, 2021 , and 88.4% including 90,190 active beds and excluding 3,105 idle beds which includes those being marketed to potential customers and beds under development for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 . The decrease in occupancy is primarily due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the impacts of the Executive Order (as defined below). As a REIT, we are required to distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and by excluding net capital gain) and we began paying regular quarterly REIT dividends in 2013. The amount, timing and frequency of future dividends, however, will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors (the "Board") and will be declared based upon various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, our financial condition and operating cash flows, the amount required to maintain REIT status, limitations on distributions in our existing and future debt instruments, limitations on our ability to fund distributions using cash generated through our taxable REIT subsidiaries ("TRSs") and other factors that our Board may deem relevant. During the six months endedJune 30, 2021 and the year endedDecember 31, 2020 , respectively, we declared and paid the following regular cash distributions to our shareholders as follows: Aggregate Distribution Payment Amount Declaration Date Record Date Payment Date Per Share (in millions) February 3, 2020 February 14, 2020 February 21, 2020 $ 0.48 $ 58.2 April 6, 2020 April 17, 2020 April 24, 2020 $ 0.48 $ 58.5 July 7, 2020 July 17, 2020 July 24, 2020 $ 0.48 $ 58.5 October 6, 2020 October 16, 2020 October 23, 2020 $ 0.34 $ 41.5 January 15, 2021 January 25, 2021 February 1, 2021 $ 0.25 $ 30.5 36
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Table of Contents OnApril 7, 2021 , we announced that our Board had immediately suspended GEO's quarterly dividend payments with the goal of maximizing the use of cash flows to repay debt, deleverage and internally fund growth. While we currently intend to maintain our corporate tax structure as a REIT, the Board is evaluating GEO's corporate tax structure as a REIT. The Board's evaluation of the current corporate tax structure and GEO's REIT status is expected to take into consideration, among other factors, potential changes to GEO's financial operating performance, as well as potential changes to the Code applicable toU.S. corporations and REITs. As a result of this evaluation, we have engaged financial advisors and legal advisors to assist in evaluating various corporate structure alternatives. The Board expects to conclude its evaluation in the fourth quarter of 2021, and should the Board determine to maintain GEO's REIT status, an additional dividend payment may be required before year-end in order to meet the minimum REIT distribution requirements under the Code. Reference is made to Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with theSEC onFebruary 16, 2021 , for further discussion and analysis of information pertaining to our financial condition and results of operations as of and for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 .
2021 and Recent Developments
CEO Succession Plan
OnJune 1, 2021 , we announced that our Board has determined that it is in the best interests of GEO to implement a succession plan for the Chief Executive Officer position given that GEO's Founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer,George C. Zoley , is 71 years old and has served with GEO for approximately forty years. The primary objectives of the Board in initiating a succession plan were to secureMr. Zoley's services on a long-term basis to ensure a proper senior management transition, and to retain a new Chief Executive Officer that would succeedMr. Zoley in that role. This change will allowMr. Zoley the ability to focus on planning of GEO's future.
On
In order to transition the role of Chief Executive Officer to a successor in an orderly manner, our Board determined it was in the best interests of GEO to create a new officer position for the role of Executive Chairman and appointMr. Zoley as Executive Chairman, effective as ofJuly 1, 2021 . As a result, the Company andMr. Zoley entered into onMay 27, 2021 an Executive Chairman Employment Agreement effective as ofJuly 1, 2021 (the "Executive Chairman Agreement"). Pursuant to the terms of the Executive Chairman Agreement,Mr. Zoley will serve as Executive Chairman assisting the new Chief Executive Officer in his transition, among other duties and responsibilities, and report directly to the Board of Directors for a term of five years ending onJune 30, 2026 and subject to automatic renewals for one-year periods unless either the Company orMr. Zoley gives written notice at least 1 year prior to the expiration of the term. Under the terms of the Executive Chairman Agreement,Mr. Zoley will be paid an annual base salary of$1.0 million and will be eligible to receive target annual performance awards equal to 100% of base salary in accordance with the terms of any plan governing senior management performance awards.Mr. Zoley will also be entitled to receive an annual equity incentive award with a grant date fair value equal to 100% of base salary and subject to a time-based vesting schedule of one (1) year from the date of grant. Additionally, the Company will creditMr. Zoley's account balance under the Amended and Restated Executive Retirement Agreement on an annual basis in an amount equal to 100% of his base salary. Lastly,Mr. Zoley is entitled to participate in all benefits and perquisites available to executive officers of GEO. Also onMay 27, 2021 , our Board determined that it was in the best interests of GEO to appointJose Gordo as the successor Chief Executive Officer of the Company, effective as ofJuly 1, 2021 , in light ofMr. Gordo's business experience and background, his long history of working with GEO, his intimate understanding of the Company's business and his service on the Board of Directors.Jose Gordo , 48, has over 20 years of experience in business management, private equity, corporate finance and business law. SinceJune 2017 ,Mr. Gordo has served as the Managing Partner of a general partnership that invests in and actively oversees small and medium-sized privately held companies, with a focus on the healthcare, consumer products and technology industries. From 2013 to early 2017,Mr. Gordo served as the Chief Financial Officer of magicJackVocaltec Ltd. , a publicly traded company in the telecommunications industry. Prior to that position,Mr. Gordo served as a Managing Director atThe Comvest Group , aFlorida -based private equity firm.Mr. Gordo was also previously a partner at the national law firm ofAkerman LLP , where he specialized in corporate law matters, advising public and private companies and private equity firms on mergers and acquisitions and capital markets transactions. He received a J.D. degree fromGeorgetown University Law Center and a B.A. degree from theUniversity of Miami . 37
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In connection with his appointment,Mr. Gordo and the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement (the "Employment Agreement") onMay 27, 2021 to provide thatMr. Gordo will be employed by the Company for a three-year term beginningJuly 1, 2021 . Unless the Employment Agreement is sooner terminated, or not renewed, it will automatically extend upon the end of its initial term for a rolling three-year term. Pursuant to the terms of the Employment Agreement,Mr. Gordo will serve as Chief Executive Officer and report directly to the Executive Chairman. EitherMr. Gordo or the Company may terminateMr. Gordo's employment under the Employment Agreement for any reason upon not less than thirty (30) days written notice. Under the terms of the Employment Agreement,Mr. Gordo will be paid an annual base salary of$900,000 , subject to the review and potential increase within the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee.Mr. Gordo will also be entitled to receive a target annual performance award of 85% ofMr. Gordo's base salary and will also be entitled to participate in the Company's stock incentive plan and upon the effective date, the Company will grantMr. Gordo an award of 50,000 performance-shares that will vest ratably over a three-year period.
Refer to Note 15 - Subsequent Events of the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information.
Executive Order
OnJanuary 26, 2021 ,President Biden signed an executive order directingthe United States Attorney General not to renewU.S. Department of Justice ("DOJ") contracts with privately operated criminal detention facilities, as consistent with applicable law (the "Executive Order"). Two agencies of theDOJ , theFederal Bureau of Prisons ("BOP") andU.S. Marshals Service ("USMS"), utilize our services. The BOP houses inmateswho have been convicted of federal crimes, and the USMS is generally responsible for detaineeswho are awaiting trial or sentencing inU.S. federal courts. Our contracts with the BOP for our company-owned 1,940-bedGreat Plains Correctional Facility , our company-owned 1,732-bedBig Spring Correctional Facility , our company-owned 1,800-bedFlightline Correctional Facility , and our company-owned 1,800-bedNorth Lake Correctional Facility have renewal option periods that expire onMay 31, 2021 ,November 30, 2021 ,November 30, 2021 , andSeptember 30, 2022 , respectively. Additionally, the contracts with the BOP for the county owned and managed 1,800-bed Reeves County Detention Center I & II and the 1,376-bed Reeves County Detention Center III have renewal option periods that expireSeptember 30, 2022 andJune 30, 2022 , respectively. We have a management agreement withReeves County, Texas for the management oversight of these two county-owned facilities. The Great Plains, Big Spring, Flightline, North Lake Correctional Facilities, Reeves County Detention Center I & II and Reeves County Detention Center III generated approximately$145 million in revenues during the year endedDecember 31, 2020 . The BOP has experienced a decline in federal prison populations over the last several years, a trend that has more recently been accelerated by the COVID-19 global pandemic. As a result of the Executive Order and the decline in federal prison populations, our above-described contracts with the BOP may not be renewed over the coming years. OnMarch 5, 2021 , we were notified by the BOP that it had decided to not exercise its contract renewal option for the company-owned, 1,940-bedGreat Plains Correctional Facility inOklahoma , when the contract base period expired onMay 31, 2021 . OnMarch 25, 2021 , we were notified that the BOP had decided to terminate its contract with the county-owned and managed Reeves County Detention Center I & II effectiveMay 10, 2021 . For the six months endedJune 30, 2021 , our secure services contracts with the BOP accounted for approximately 10% of our total revenues. Unlike the BOP, the USMS does not own and operate its detention facilities. The USMS contracts for the use of facilities, which are generally located in areas near federal courthouses, primarily through intergovernmental service agreements, and to a lesser extent, direct contracts. We are cooperating with the USMS in assessing various alternatives on how to comply with the Executive Order. During the first quarter of 2021, we were notified by the USMS that it would not renew its contract for the company-ownedQueens Detention Facility inNew York , when the contract base period ended onMarch 31, 2021 . We currently operate four additional detention facilities that are under direct contracts and eight detention facilities that are under intergovernmental agreements with the USMS. The four direct contracts are up for renewal at various times over the next few years, including two in late 2021. For the six months endedJune 30, 2021 , the direct contracts and intergovernmental agreements with the USMS accounted for approximately 16% of our total revenues. The Executive Order only applies to agencies that are part of theDOJ , which includes the BOP and USMS.U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement ("ICE") facilities are not covered by the Executive Order as ICE is an agency of theDepartment of Homeland Security , not theDOJ . However, it is possible that the federal government could choose to take similar action on ICE facilities in the future. For the six months endedJune 30, 2021 , contracts for ICE Processing Centers, not including the alternatives to detention contract under ISAP accounted for approximately 24% of our total revenues.President Biden's administration may implement additional executive orders or directives relating to federal criminal justice policies and immigration policies which may impact the federal government's use of public-private partnerships with respect to correctional and detention needs, including with respect to our contracts, and/or may impact the budget and spending priorities of federal agencies, including the BOP, USMS, and ICE. 38
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Table of Contents COVID-19 We have been and are currently closely monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the efficacy and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines on all aspects of our business and geographies, including how it will impact those entrusted in our care and governmental partners. We did incur disruptions during the six months endedJune 30, 2021 from the COVID-19 pandemic and are unable to predict the overall future impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows due to numerous uncertainties. Refer to further discussion regarding the economic impacts of COVID-19 to our operations in the Outlook section below.
Contract Terminations/Expirations
On
OnMarch 15, 2021 , we announced that the USMS has decided to not exercise the contract renewal option for our company-owned, 222-bedQueens Detention Facility inNew York , when the contract base period ended onMarch 31, 2021 . The contract for the facility generated approximately$19 million in annualized revenues. OnMarch 25, 2021 , we were notified by the BOP that it has decided to terminate the contract for the county-owned and managed, 1,800-bed Reeves County Detention Center I & II inTexas effectiveMay 10, 2021 , which was earlier than the contract base period was to scheduled to expire onSeptember 30, 2022 . The contract for the facility generated approximately$4 million in annualized revenues. We were also not awarded the managed-only contracts for theBay ,Graceville and Moore Haven Correctional and Rehabilitation Facilities inFlorida during the recent re-bid solicitation process by theState of Florida . We subsequently filed a protest challenging the award of the contracts, and as a result of the protest, we were able to retain the management contract for theMoore Haven Correctional and Rehabilitation Facility. Our contracts for theBay and Graceville Correctional and Rehabilitation Facilities have been extended throughJuly 31, 2021 andAugust 31, 2021 , after which these contracts will transition to a different operator. The contracts for these two facilities generated approximately$15 million and$25 million in annualized revenues respectively. Idle Facilities We are currently marketing approximately 9,500 vacant beds at nine of our idle facilities to potential customers. The carrying values of these idle facilities totaled$225.5 million as ofJune 30, 2021 , excluding equipment and other assets that can be easily transferred for use at other facilities. Refer to Note 11 - Commitments and Contingencies included in Part I, Item 1, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
Critical Accounting Policies
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States . As such, we are required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based upon the information available. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We routinely evaluate our estimates based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. During the six months endedJune 30, 2021 , we did not experience any significant changes in estimates or judgments inherent in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. A summary of our significant accounting policies is contained in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 . 39
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Table of Contents RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Comparison of Second Quarter 2021 and Second Quarter 2020
Revenues 2021 % of Revenue 2020 % of Revenue $ Change % Change (Dollars in thousands) U.S. Secure Services$ 368,394 65.2 %$ 389,718 66.3 %$ (21,324 ) (5.5 )% GEO Care 141,905 25.1 % 138,240 23.5 % 3,665 2.7 % International Services 54,921 9.7 % 53,254 9.1 % 1,667 3.1 % Facility Construction & Design 199 0.0 % 6,617 1.1 % (6,418 ) (97.0 )% Total$ 565,419 100.0 %$ 587,829 100.0 %$ (22,410 ) (3.8 )% U.S. Secure Services Revenues decreased by$21.3 million in Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020 primarily due to aggregate decreases of$53.3 million due to the ramp-down/deactivations of our company-owned D. Ray James, Rivers,Moshannon Valley and Great Plains Correctional Facilities as well as ourQueens Detention Facility which expired onJanuary 31, 2021 ,March 31, 2021 ,March 31, 2021 ,May 31, 2021 andMarch 31, 2021 , respectively. These decreases were partially offset by aggregate net increases of$22.2 million resulting from the activations in late 2020 and early 2021 of our company-owned Golden State, Desert View and Central Valley Annexes as well as our company-ownedEagle Pass Detention Center . In addition, we experienced aggregate net increases in populations, transportation services and/or rates of$9.8 million primarily due to increased occupancies at our USMS facilities mainly due to the large increase in the number of crossings at the Southern border during 2021. The number of compensated mandays inU.S. Secure Services facilities was approximately 4.9 million in Second Quarter 2021 and 5.4 million in Second Quarter 2020. We experienced an aggregate net decrease of approximately 500,000 mandays as a result of contract terminations, partially offset by contract activations and increases in occupancies discussed above. We look at the average occupancy in our facilities to determine how we are managing our available beds. The average occupancy is calculated by taking compensated mandays as a percentage of capacity. The average occupancy in ourU.S. Secure Services facilities was 88.6% and 89.2% of capacity in the Second Quarter 2021 and Second Quarter 2020, respectively, excluding idle facilities.
GEO Care
Revenues increased by$3.7 million in Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020 primarily due to increases of$4.4 million due to new/reactivated contracts and programs. Additionally, we experienced an increase of$4.3 million due to increased client and participant counts under our Intensive Supervision and Appearance Program ("ISAP") and electronic monitoring services. These increases were partially offset by decreases of$3.4 million due to contract terminations/closures of underutilized facilities which have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors. Additionally, we experienced net decreases of$1.6 million due to decreases in census levels at certain of our community-based and reentry centers due to declines in programs as a result of lower levels of referrals by federal, state and local agencies primarily due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
International Services
Revenues for International Services increased by$1.7 million in Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020. We experienced a net decrease in revenues of$2.9 million which was primarily due to the transition of theArthur Gorrie Correctional Centre to government operation inState of Queensland, Australia at the end ofJune 2020 . This was offset by an increase due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations of$4.6 million .
In Second Quarter 2021 and Second Quarter 2020, we hadFacility Construction & Design services related to an expansion project at ourFulham Correctional Centre inAustralia which has been substantially completed. The decrease was due to a decrease in construction activity as the project neared completion. 40
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Table of Contents Operating Expenses % of Segment % of Segment 2021 Revenues 2020 Revenues $ Change % Change (Dollars in thousands) U.S. Secure Services$ 268,963 73.0 %$ 294,368 75.5 %$ (25,405 ) (8.6 )% GEO Care 87,317 61.5 % 95,601 69.2 % (8,284 ) (8.7 )% International Services 48,615 88.5 % 47,474 89.1 % 1,141 2.4 % Facility Construction & Design 114 57.3 % 6,592 99.6 % (6,478 ) (98.3 )% Total$ 405,009 71.6 %$ 444,035 75.5 %$ (39,026 ) (8.8 )% U.S. Secure Services Operating expenses forU.S. Secure Services decreased by$25.4 million in Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020 primarily due to decreases of$35.6 million related to the ramp-down/deactivations of our company-owned D. Ray James, Rivers,Moshannon Valley and Great Plains Correctional Facilities as well as ourQueens Detention Facility which expired onJanuary 31, 2021 ,March 31, 2021 ,March 31, 2021 ,May 31, 2021 andMarch 31, 2021 , respectively. Additionally, we experienced aggregate net decreases of$3.8 million related to decreases in population, transportation services and the variable costs associated with those services primarily as a result of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic as described above. These decreases were partially offset by increases of$14.0 million resulting from the activations in late 2020 and early 2021 of our company-owned Golden State, Desert View and Central Valley Annexes as well as our company-ownedEagle Pass Detention Center .
GEO Care
Operating expenses for GEO Care decreased by$8.3 million during Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020 primarily due to aggregate decreases of$4.5 million related to contract terminations/closures of underutilized facilities as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors. In addition, we experienced net decreases of$6.7 million related to net decreases in census levels at certain of our community-based and reentry centers due to declines in programs as a result of lower levels of referrals by federal, state and local agencies due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. These decreases were partially offset by increases of$2.3 million due to new/reactivated contracts and programs and day reporting center openings. We also experienced an increase of$0.6 million due to increases in average client and participant counts under our ISAP and electronic monitoring services. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased in Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020 primarily due to the closure of underperforming/underutilized facilities as discussed above.
International Services
Operating expenses for International Services increased by$1.1 million in Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020. We experienced a net decrease in operating expenses of$6.2 million which was primarily due to the transition of theArthur Gorrie Correctional Centre to government operation inState of Queensland, Australia at the end ofJune 2020 . This decrease was partially offset by an increase due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations of$7.3 million .
In Second Quarter 2021 and Second Quarter 2020, we hadFacility Construction & Design services related to an expansion project at ourFulham Correctional Centre inAustralia which has been substantially completed. The decrease was due to a decrease in construction activity as the project neared completion.
Depreciation and Amortization
% of Segment % of Segment 2021 Revenue 2020 Revenue $ Change % Change (Dollars in thousands) U.S. Secure Services$ 20,529 5.6 %$ 20,131 5.2 %$ 398 2.0 % GEO Care 12,190 8.6 % 12,789 9.3 % (599 ) (4.7 )% International Services 587 1.1 % 514 1.0 % 73 14.2 % Total$ 33,306 5.9 %$ 33,434 5.7 %$ (128 ) (0.4 )% U.S. Secure ServicesU.S. Secure Services depreciation and amortization expense increased in Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020 primarily due to renovations in connection with our contract activations at certain of our company-owned facilities. 41
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Table of Contents GEO Care GEO Care depreciation and amortization expense decreased in Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020 primarily due to certain asset dispositions at our company-owned centers. International Services
Depreciation and amortization expense increased slightly in Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020 primarily due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations.
Other Unallocated Operating Expenses
2021 % of Revenue 2020 % of Revenue $ Change % Change (Dollars in thousands) General and Administrative Expenses$ 54,688 9.7 %$ 45,543 7.7 %$ 9,145 20.1 % General and administrative expenses comprise substantially all of our other unallocated operating expenses which primarily includes corporate management salaries and benefits, professional fees and other administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased in Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020 by$9.1 million primarily due to one-time employee restructuring expenses of$7.5 million . The remainder of the increase was primarily due to normal professional, consulting and other administrative expenses as well as the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Non-Operating Expenses
Interest Income and Interest Expense
2021 % of Revenue 2020 % of Revenue $ Change % Change (Dollars in thousands) Interest Income$ 5,985 1.1 %$ 5,248 0.9 %$ 737 14.0 % Interest Expense$ 32,053 5.7 %$ 30,610
5.2 %$ 1,443 4.7 %
Interest income increased in Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020 primarily due to the effect of foreign exchange rate fluctuations.
Interest expense increased in Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020 primarily due to higher balances under the revolver component of our credit facility. During 2021, we drew down$170 million on our revolver as a conservative precautionary step to preserve liquidity, maintain financial flexibility, and obtain additional funds for general corporate purposes. Partially offsetting the increase was the effect of decreases in the LIBOR rate.
Gain on Extinguishment of Debt
2021 % of Revenue 2020
% of Revenue $ Change % Change
(Dollars in thousands) Gain on Extinguishment of Debt$ 1,654 0.3 % $ - 0.3 %$ 1,654 100.0 % During Second Quarter 2021, we repurchased$19.5 million in aggregate principal amount of our 5.125% Senior Notes due 2023 at a weighted average price of$90.88 for a total cost of$17.7 million . As a result of these transactions, we recognized a gain on extinguishment of debt of$1.7 million , net of the write-off of associated unamortized deferred loan costs.
Refer to Note 10- Debt of the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion.
Loss on Dispositions of Real Estate
2021 % of Revenue 2020
% of Revenue $ Change % Change
(Dollars in thousands) Loss on Dispositions of Real Estate$ 2,950 0.5 %$ 1,304 0.2 %$ 1,646 126.2 % 42
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Table of Contents The increase in Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020 is primarily due to the disposition of certain assets at our company-ownedQueens Detention Center located inNew York , our company-owned Alle Kiski Pavillion located inPennsylvania and our company-owned DuPage Interventions center located inIllinois during Second Quarter 2021. Income Tax Provision 2021 Effective Rate 2020 Effective Rate $ Change % Change (Dollars in thousands) Provision for Income Taxes$ 5,063 11.2 %$ 4,196 11.0 %$ 867 20.7 % The provision for income taxes during Second Quarter 2021 increased compared to Second Quarter 2020 while our effective tax rate remained at about 11%. The increase in the tax expense is primarily due to a change in the composition of our income between our REIT and TRS subsidiaries and certain non-recurring items. In Second Quarter 2021, there was a$0.5 million net discrete tax expense as compared to a$0.7 million net discrete tax benefit in the second quarter of 2020. As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to shareholders and in turn we are allowed a deduction for the distribution at the REIT level. Our wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiaries continue to be fully subject to federal, state and foreign income taxes, as applicable. We estimate our annual effective tax rate to be in the range of approximately 11% to 13% exclusive of any discrete items.
Equity in Earnings of Affiliates, net of Income Tax Provision
2021 % of Revenue 2020 % of Revenue $ Change % Change (Dollars in thousands) Equity in Earnings of Affiliates$ 1,942 0.3 %$ 2,699 0.5 %$ (757 ) (28.0 )% Equity in earnings of affiliates, presented net of income tax provision, represents the earnings of SACS and GEOAmey in the aggregate. Equity in earnings of affiliates decreased during Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020 primarily due to less favorable performance by GEOAmey.
Comparison of First Half 2021 and First Half 2020
Revenues 2021 % of Revenue 2020 % of Revenue $ Change % Change (Dollars in thousands) U.S. Secure Services$ 755,405 66.2 %$ 787,827 66.0 %$ (32,422 ) (4.1 )% GEO Care 277,387 24.3 % 282,703 23.7 % (5,316 ) (1.9 )% International Services 108,405 9.5 % 110,104 9.2 % (1,699 ) (1.5 )% Facility Construction & Design 599 0.1 % 12,212 1.0 % (11,613 ) (95.1 )% Total$ 1,141,796 100.0 %$ 1,192,846 100.0 %$ (51,050 ) (4.3 )% U.S. Secure Services Revenues decreased by$32.4 million in First Half 2021 compared to First Half 2020 primarily due to aggregate decreases of$78.6 million due to the ramp-down/deactivations of our company-owned D. Ray James, Rivers,Moshannon Valley and Great Plains Correctional Facilities as well as ourQueens Detention Facility which expired onJanuary 31, 2021 ,March 31, 2021 ,March 31, 2021 ,May 31, 2021 andMarch 31, 2021 , respectively. These decreases were partially offset by aggregate net increases of$47.6 million resulting from the activations in late 2020 and early 2021 of our company-owned Golden State, Desert View and Central Valley Annexes, our company-ownedEagle Pass Detention Center and our managed-only contract for theEl Centro Detention Center inCalifornia which was effective inDecember 2020 . In addition, we experienced aggregate net increases in populations, transportation services and/or rates of$6.2 million due to increased occupancy at our USMS facilities mainly due to the large increase in the number of crossings at the Southern border during 2021. These increases in occupancy were offset by decreases in population, transportation and/or rates of$7.6 million at our BOP and State facilities primarily due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of compensated mandays inU.S. Secure Services facilities was approximately 10.1 million in First Half 2021 and 11.1 million in Second Quarter 2020. We experienced an aggregate net decrease of approximately 1,000,000 mandays as a result of contract terminations, partially offset by contract activations and increases in occupancies discussed above. We look at the average occupancy in our facilities to determine how we are managing our available beds. The average occupancy is calculated by taking compensated mandays as a percentage of capacity. The average occupancy in ourU.S. Secure Services facilities was 90.5% of capacity in both First Half 2021 and First Half 2020, excluding idle facilities. 43
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Table of Contents GEO Care Revenues decreased by$5.3 million in First Half 2021 compared to First Half 2020 primarily due to decreases of$10.1 million due to contract terminations/closures of underutilized facilities which have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and other economic factors. Additionally, we experienced net decreases of$7.5 million due to decreases in census levels at certain of our community-based and reentry centers due to declines in programs as a result of lower levels of referrals by federal, state and local agencies primarily due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. These decreases were partially offset by increases of$8.4 million due to new/reactivated contracts and programs as well as an increase of$3.9 million due to increased client and participant counts under our ISAP and electronic monitoring services.
International Services
Revenues for International Services decreased by$1.7 million in First Half 2021 compared to First Half 2020. We experienced a net decrease in revenues of$9.7 million which was primarily due to the transition of theArthur Gorrie Correctional Centre to government operation inState of Queensland, Australia at the end ofJune 2020 . This decrease was partially offset by an increase due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations of$8.0 million .
In First Half 2021 and First Half 2020, we hadFacility Construction & Design services related to an expansion project at ourFulham Correctional Centre inAustralia which has been substantially completed. The decrease was due to a decrease in construction activity as the project neared completion. Operating Expenses % of Segment % of Segment 2021 Revenues 2020 Revenues $ Change % Change (Dollars in thousands) U.S. Secure Services$ 566,741 75.0 %$ 599,606 76.1 %$ (32,865 ) (5.5 )% GEO Care 171,557 61.8 % 195,809 69.3 % (24,252 ) (12.4 )% International Services 94,361 87.0 % 98,189 89.2 % (3,828 ) (3.9 )% Facility Construction & Design 501 83.6 % 12,177 99.7 % (11,676 ) (95.9 )% Total$ 833,160 73.0 %$ 905,781 75.9 %$ (72,621 ) (8.0 )% U.S. Secure Services Operating expenses forU.S. Secure Services decreased by$32.9 million in First Half 2021 compared to First Half 2020 primarily due to decreases of$55.9 million related to the ramp-down/deactivations of our company-owned D. Ray James, Rivers,Moshannon Valley and Great Plains Correctional Facilities as well as ourQueens Detention Facility which expired onJanuary 31, 2021 ,March 31, 2021 ,March 31, 2021 ,May 31, 2021 andMarch 31, 2021 , respectively. Additionally, we experienced aggregate net decreases of$8.1 million related to decreases in population, transportation services and the variable costs associated with those services primarily as a result of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. These decreases were partially offset by increases of$31.1 million resulting from the activations in late 2020 and early 2021 of our company-owned Golden State, Desert View and Central Valley Annexes, our company-ownedEagle Pass Detention Center and our managed-only contract for theEl Centro Detention Center inCalifornia which was effective inDecember 2020 .
GEO Care
Operating expenses for GEO Care decreased by$24.3 million during First Half 2021 compared to First Half 2020 primarily due to aggregate decreases of$12.4 million related to contract terminations/closures of underutilized facilities as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and economic other factors. In addition, we experienced decreases of$13.7 million related to net decreases in census levels at certain of our community-based and reentry centers due to declines in programs as a result of lower levels of referrals by federal, state and local agencies due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also experienced a decrease of$1.7 million due to decreases in average client and participant counts under our ISAP and electronic monitoring services as a result of policy changes by the former administration which reduced the number of enrollments at the Southern border. These decreases were partially offset by increases of$3.5 million due to new/reactivated contracts and programs and day reporting center openings. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased in Second Quarter 2021 compared to Second Quarter 2020 primarily due to the closure of underperforming/underutilized facilities as discussed above. 44
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Table of Contents International Services Operating expenses for International Services decreased by$3.8 million in First Half 2021 compared to First Half 2020. We experienced a net decrease in operating expenses of$17.1 million which was primarily due to the transition of theArthur Gorrie Correctional Centre to government operation inState of Queensland, Australia at the end ofJune 2020 . This decrease was partially offset by an increase due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations of$13.3 million .
In First Half 2021 and First Half 2020, we hadFacility Construction & Design services related to an expansion project at ourFulham Correctional Centre inAustralia which has been substantially completed. The decrease was due to a decrease in construction activity as the project neared completion.
Depreciation and Amortization
% of Segment % of Segment 2021 Revenue 2020 Revenue $ Change % Change (Dollars in thousands) U.S. Secure Services$ 41,248 5.5 %$ 40,297 5.1 %$ 951 2.4 % GEO Care 25,022 9.0 % 25,465 9.0 % (443 ) (1.7 )% International Services 1,153 1.1 % 999 0.9 % 154 15.4 % Total$ 67,423 5.9 %$ 66,761 5.6 %$ 662 1.0 % U.S. Secure ServicesU.S. Secure Services depreciation and amortization expense increased in First Half 2021 compared to First Half 2020 primarily due to renovations in connection with our contract activations at certain of our company-owned facilities.
GEO Care
GEO Care depreciation and amortization expense decreased in First Half 2021 compared to First Half 2020 primarily due to certain asset dispositions at our company-owned centers.
International Services
Depreciation and amortization expense increased in First Half 2021 compared to First Half 2020 primarily due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations.
Other Unallocated Operating Expenses
2021 % of Revenue
2020 % of Revenue $ Change % Change
(Dollars in thousands) General and Administrative Expenses$ 103,167 9.0 %$ 99,325 8.3 %$ 3,842 3.9 % General and administrative expenses comprise substantially all of our other unallocated operating expenses which primarily includes corporate management salaries and benefits, professional fees and other administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased in First Half 2021 compared to First Half 2020 by$3.8 million primarily due to one-time employee restructuring expenses of$7.5 million . Partially offsetting this increase was a decrease in stock-based compensation of$3.0 million . The remainder of the decrease was primarily due to less travel, marketing, business development and other corporate administrative expenses primarily due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-Operating Expenses
Interest Income and Interest Expense
2021 % of Revenue 2020
% of Revenue $ Change % Change
(Dollars in thousands) Interest Income$ 12,187 1.1 %$ 10,686 0.9 %$ 1,501 14.0 % Interest Expense$ 63,897 5.6 %$ 64,790 5.4 %$ (893 ) (1.4 )%
Interest income increased in First Half 2021 compared to First Half 2020 primarily due to the effect of foreign exchange rate fluctuations.
Interest expense decreased in First Half 2021 compared to First Half 2020 primarily due to decreases in LIBOR rates. This decrease was partially offset by increases from higher balances on the revolver component of our credit facility. During 2021, we drew down 45
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Gain on Extinguishment of Debt
2021 % of Revenue 2020
% of Revenue $ Change % Change
(Dollars in thousands) Gain on Extinguishment of Debt$ 4,693 0.4 %$ 1,563 0.1 %$ 3,130 200.3 % During First Half 2021, we repurchased$22.5 million in aggregate principal amount of our 5.125% Senior Notes due 2023 at a weighted average price of$90.68 for a total cost of$20.4 million . We also repurchased$17.2 million in aggregate principal amount of our 5.875% Senior Notes due 2024 at a weighted average price of$79.51 for a total cost of$13.7 million . As a result of these transactions, we recognized a gain on extinguishment of debt of$4.7 million , net of the write-off of associated unamortized deferred loan costs. During First Half 2020, we repurchased approximately$5.5 million in aggregate principal amount of our 5.125% Senior Notes due 2023 at a weighted average price of$70.68 for a total cost of$3.9 million . As a result of these transactions, we recognized a gain on extinguishment of debt of$1.6 million , net of the write-off of associated unamortized deferred loan costs.
(Gain) Loss on Dispositions of Real Estate
2021 % of Revenue 2020
% of Revenue $ Change % Change
(Dollars in thousands) (Gain) Loss on Dispositions of Real Estate$ (10,379 ) (1.8 )%$ 880 0.1 %$ (11,259 ) (1,279.4 )% The net gain in First Half 2021 is primarily due to the sale of our interest in Talbot Hall, located inNew Jersey , and the sale of our company-owned McCabe Center, located inTexas . Income Tax Provision 2021 Effective Rate 2020 Effective Rate $ Change % Change (Dollars in thousands) Provision for Income Taxes$ 12,999 12.8 %$ 10,742 15.9 %$ 2,257 21.0 % The provision for income taxes during First Half 2021 increased while our effective tax rate decreased compared to First Half 2020. The decrease in the effective rate is primarily due to a change in the composition of our income between our REIT and TRS subsidiaries and certain non-recurring items. In First Half 2021, there was a$1.9 million net discrete tax expense compared to a$2.1 million net discrete tax expense in First Half 2020. Included in the provision for income taxes were$2.3 million and$2.7 million of discrete tax expense in First Half 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to stock compensation that vested during the respective periods. As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to shareholders and in turn we are allowed a deduction for the distribution at the REIT level. Our wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiaries continue to be fully subject to federal, state and foreign income taxes, as applicable. We estimate our annual effective tax rate to be in the range of approximately 11% to 13% exclusive of any discrete items.
Equity in Earnings of Affiliates, net of Income Tax Provision
2021 % of Revenue 2020 % of Revenue $ Change % Change (Dollars in thousands) Equity in Earnings of Affiliates$ 4,007 0.4 %$ 4,959 0.4 %$ (952 ) (19.2 )%
Equity in earnings of affiliates, presented net of income tax provision, represents the earnings of SACS and GEOAmey in the aggregate. Equity in earnings of affiliates decreased during First Half 2021 compared to First Half 2020 primarily due to less favorable performance by GEOAmey.
Financial Condition Capital Requirements Our current cash requirements consist of amounts needed for working capital, distributions of our REIT taxable income in order to maintain our REIT qualification, debt service, supply purchases, investments in joint ventures, and capital expenditures related to either the development of new secure services and reentry facilities, or the maintenance of existing facilities. In addition, some of our management contracts require us to make substantial initial expenditures of cash in connection with opening or renovating a facility. Generally, these initial expenditures are subsequently fully or partially recoverable as pass-through costs or are billable as a component of the per diem rates or monthly fixed fees to the contracting agency over the original term of the contract. 46
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We currently have contractual commitments for a number of projects using Company financing. We estimate that the cost of these existing active capital projects will be approximately$39.7 million of which$30.6 million was spent throughJune 30, 2021 . We estimate that the remaining capital requirements related to these capital projects will be$9.1 million which will be spent through 2021.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Indebtedness
6.50% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2026
OnFebruary 24, 2021 , our wholly-owned subsidiary,GEO Corrections Holdings, Inc. ("GEOCH"), completed a private offering of$230 million aggregate principal amount of 6.50% exchangeable senior unsecured notes due 2026 (the "Convertible Notes"), which included the full exercise of the initial purchasers' over-allotment option to purchase an additional$30 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes. The Convertible Notes will mature onFebruary 23, 2026 , unless earlier repurchased or exchanged. The Convertible Notes bear interest at the rate of 6.50% per year plus an additional amount based on the dividends paid by GEO on its common stock,$0.01 par value per share. Interest on the notes is payable semi-annually in arrears onMarch 1 andSeptember 1 of each year, beginning onSeptember 1, 2021 . Subject to certain restrictions on share ownership and transfer, holders may exchange the notes at their option prior to the close of business on the business day immediately precedingNovember 25, 2025 , but only under the following circumstances: (1) during the five consecutive business day period after any five consecutive trading day period, or the measurement period, in which the trading price per$1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of such measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the exchange rate for the notes on each such trading day; or (2) upon the occurrence of certain specified corporate events. On or afterNovember 25, 2025 , until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date of the notes, holders may exchange their notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon exchange of a note, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock. As ofJune 30, 2021 , conditions had not been met to convert. Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash or a combination of cash and shares of common stock. The initial conversion rate is 108.4011 shares of common stock per$1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately$9.225 per share of common stock). The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in certain events. If GEO or GEOCH undergoes a fundamental change, holders may require GEOCH to purchase the notes in whole or in part for cash at a fundamental change purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change purchase date. We used the net proceeds from this offering, including the exercise in full of the initial purchasers' over-allotment option to fund the redemption of the then outstanding amount of approximately$194.0 million of our existing 5.875% senior notes due 2022, to re-purchase additional senior notes and we used the remaining net proceeds to pay related transaction fees and expenses, and for general corporate purposes of the Company. As a result of the redemption, deferred loan costs in the amount of approximately$0.7 million were written off to loss on extinguishment of debt during the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . The notes were offered inthe United States only to persons reasonably believed to be "qualified institutional buyers" pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act, and outside ofthe United States to non-U.S. persons in compliance with Regulation S under the Securities Act. Neither the notes nor any of the shares of the Company's common stock issuable upon exchange of the notes, if any, have been, or will be, registered under the Securities Act and, unless so registered, may not be offered or sold inthe United States , except pursuant to an applicable exemption from the registration requirements under the Securities Act. Credit Agreement OnJune 12, 2019 , we entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") by and among the refinancing lenders party thereto, the other lenders party thereto, GEO and GEOCH and the administrative agent. Under the amendment, the maturity date of the revolver was extended toMay 17, 2024 . The borrowing capacity under the amended revolver remains at$900.0 million , and its pricing remains unchanged currently bearing interest at LIBOR plus 2.25%. As a result of the amendment, we incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt of$1.2 million during 2019 related to certain unamortized deferred loan costs. Additionally, loan costs of$4.7 million were incurred and capitalized in connection with the amendment. A syndicate of approximately 65 lenders participate in our Credit Agreement, six of which have indicated that they do not intend to provide new financing to GEO but will honor their existing obligations. Refer to Item 1A - Risk Factors included in Part I of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 for further discussion. The banks that have withdrawn participation remain contractually committed for approximately three years. Additionally, these six banks represent less than 25% of our overall borrowing capacity under our Credit Agreement. We are in frequent communication with potential new lenders as well as the credit rating agencies. InMarch 2021 , Moody's Investors Service downgraded GEO's issuer rating to B2 and inMay 2021 ,Standard & Poor's S&P Global downgraded GEO's issuer rating to CCC+. 47
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As ofJune 30, 2021 , we had approximately$766.0 million in aggregate borrowings outstanding under our term loan, approximately$789.4 million in borrowings under our revolver, and approximately$68.3 million in letters of credit which left approximately$42.3 million in additional borrowing capacity under the Revolver. The weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement as ofJune 30, 2021 was 2.54%. OnApril 30, 2021 andMay 4, 2021 , we elected to draw down$20 million and$150 million , respectively in borrowings under the revolver component of our credit facility as a conservative precautionary step to preserve liquidity, maintain financial flexibility, and obtain additional funds for general corporate purposes.
Refer to Note 10 - Debt of the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion.
Australia - Ravenhall In connection with a design and build project agreement with theState of Victoria , inSeptember 2014 , we entered into a syndicated facility agreement (the "Construction Facility") to provide debt financing for construction of the project. The Construction Facility provided for non-recourse funding up to AUD 791.0 million, or approximately$593.9 million , based on exchange rates as ofJune 30, 2021 . In accordance with the terms of the contract, upon completion and commercial acceptance of the project in late 2017, theState of Victoria made a lump sum payment of AUD310 million, or approximately$252.7 million , based on exchange rates as ofJune 30, 2021 . The term of the Construction Facility was throughSeptember 2020 and bore interest at a variable rate quoted by certain Australian banks plus 200 basis points. OnMay 22, 2019 , we completed an offering of AUD 461.6 million, or$346.6 million , based on exchange rates as ofJune 30, 2021 , aggregate principal amount of the Non-Recourse Notes. The amortizing Non-Recourse Notes were issued byRavenhall Finance Co Pty Limited in a private placement pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Non-Recourse Notes were issued with a coupon and yield to maturity of 4.23% with a maturity date ofMarch 31, 2042 . The net proceeds from this offering were used to refinance the outstanding Construction Facility and to pay all related fees, costs and expenses associated with the transaction. As a result of the transaction, we incurred a$4.5 million loss on extinguishment of debt related to swap termination fees and unamortized deferred costs associated with the Construction Facility. Additionally, loan costs of approximately$7.5 million were incurred and capitalized in connection with the offering. Other InAugust 2020 , we entered into two identical promissory notes in the aggregate amount of$44.3 million which are secured by loan agreements and mortgage and security agreements on certain real property and improvements. The terms of the promissory notes are throughSeptember 1, 2034 and bear interest at LIBOR plus 200 basis points and are payable in monthly installments plus interest. We have entered into interest rate swap agreements to fix the interest rate to 4.22%. Included in the balance atJune 30, 2021 is$0.7 million of deferred loan costs incurred in the transaction. Refer to Note 9 - Derivative Financial Instruments and Note 10 - Debt of the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion. In addition to the debt outstanding under the Credit Facility, the 6.50% Convertible Notes, the 6.00% Senior Notes, the 5.125% Senior Notes, and the 5.875% Senior Notes due 2024, we also have significant debt obligations which, although these obligations are non-recourse to us, require cash expenditures for debt service. Our significant debt obligations could have material consequences. See "Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our High Level of Indebtedness" in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 . We are exposed to various commitments and contingencies which may have a material adverse effect on our liquidity. We also have guaranteed certain obligations for certain of our international subsidiaries. These non-recourse obligations, commitments and contingencies and guarantees are further discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2020 .
Debt Repurchases
OnAugust 16, 2019 , our Board authorized us to repurchase and/or retire a portion of our 6.00% Senior Notes due 2026, the 5.875% Senior Notes due 2024, the 5.125% Senior Notes due 2023 and the 5.875% Senior Notes due 2022 (collectively the "GEO Senior Notes") and our term loan under our Amended Credit Agreement through cash purchases, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise, up to an aggregate maximum of$100.0 million , subject to certain limitations throughDecember 31, 2020 . During the Second Quarter 2021, the 5.875% Senior Notes due 2022 were redeemed in connection with the offering of the Convertible Notes discussed above. OnFebruary 11, 2021 , our Board authorized a new repurchase program for repurchases/retirements of part of the above referenced GEO Senior Notes and term loan, subject to certain limitations up to an aggregate maximum of$100.0 million throughDecember 31, 2022 . During the six months endedJune 30, 2021 , we repurchased$22.5 million in aggregate principal amount of our 5.125% Senior Notes due 2023 at a weighted average price of 90.68% for a total cost of$20.4 million . Additionally, we repurchased$17.2 million in aggregate principal amount of our 5.875% Senior Notes due 2024 at a weighted average price of 79.51% for a total cost of$13.7 million . As a result of these repurchases, we recognized a net gain on extinguishment of debt of$5.6 million . 48
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During the six months endedJune 30, 2020 , we repurchased$5.5 million in aggregate principal amount of our 5.125% Senior Notes due 2023 at a weighted average price of 70.68% for a total cost of$3.9 million . As a result of these repurchases, we recognized a net gain on extinguishment of debt of$1.6 million .
Refer to Note 10 - Debt of the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on our indebtedness.
We consider opportunities for future business and/or asset acquisitions as we deem appropriate when market conditions present opportunities. If we are successful in our pursuit of any new projects, our cash on hand, cash flows from operations and borrowings under the existing Credit Facility may not provide sufficient liquidity to meet our capital needs and we could be forced to seek additional financing or refinance our existing indebtedness. There can be no assurance that any such financing or refinancing would be available to us on terms equal to or more favorable than our current financing terms, or at all. Additionally, the magnitude, severity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively impact the availability of opportunities for future business and/or asset acquisitions and market conditions generally. In the future, our access to capital and ability to compete for future capital intensive projects will also be dependent upon, among other things, our ability to meet certain financial covenants in the indenture governing the 5.125% Senior Notes, the indenture governing the 5.875% Senior Notes due 2024, the indenture governing the 6.00% Senior Notes, the indenture governing our Convertible Notes and our Credit Agreement. A substantial decline in our financial performance could limit our access to capital pursuant to these covenants and have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and capital resources and, as a result, on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition to these foregoing potential constraints on our capital, a number of state government agencies have been suffering from budget deficits and liquidity issues. While we were in compliance with our debt covenants as ofJune 30, 2021 and we expect to continue to be in compliance with our debt covenants, if these constraints were to intensify, our liquidity could be materially adversely impacted as could our ability to remain in compliance with these debt covenants. We may from time to time seek to purchase or retire our outstanding senior notes through cash purchases and/or exchanges for equity securities, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material. Quarterly Dividends OnApril 7, 2021 , we announced that our Board had immediately suspended our quarterly dividend payments with the goal of maximizing the use of cash flows to repay debt, deleverage and internally fund growth. While we currently intend to maintain our corporate tax structure as a REIT, our Board is evaluating our corporate tax structure as a REIT. Our Board's evaluation of our current corporate tax structure and our REIT status is expected to take into consideration, among other factors, potential changes to our financial operating performance, as well as, potential changes to the Code applicable toU.S. corporations and REITs. As a part of this evaluation, we have engaged financial advisors and legal advisors to assist in evaluating various capital structure alternatives. Our Board expects to conclude its evaluation in the fourth quarter of 2021, and should our Board determine to maintain our REIT status, an additional dividend payment may be required before year-end in order to meet the minimum REIT distribution requirements under the Code.
Guarantor Financial Information
GEO's 6.50% Convertible Notes, 6.00% Senior Notes, 5.125% Senior Notes and the 5.875% Senior Notes due 2024 are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several senior unsecured basis by certain of our wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries (the "Subsidiary Guarantors"). Summarized financial information is provided forThe GEO Group, Inc. ("Parent") and the Subsidiary Guarantors on a combined basis in accordance withSEC Regulation S-X Rules 3-10 and 13-01. The accounting policies used in the preparation of this summarized financial information are consistent with those elsewhere in the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company, except that intercompany transactions and balances of the Parent and Subsidiary Guarantor entities with non-guarantor entities have not been eliminated. Intercompany transactions between the Parent and Subsidiary Guarantors have been eliminated and equity in earnings from and investments in non-guarantor subsidiaries have not been presented.
Summarized statement of operations (in thousands):
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Net operating revenues$ 1,027,471 Income from operations 130,664 Net income 73,392 Net income attributable to The GEO Group, Inc. 73,392 49
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Summarized balance sheets (in thousands):
June 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Current assets$ 615,592 $ 607,044 Noncurrent assets (a) 3,229,842 3,268,260 Current liabilities 322,761 350,041 Noncurrent liabilities (b) 2,805,383 2,737,673
(a) Includes amounts due from non-guarantor subsidiaries of
$26.7 million as ofJune 30, 2021 andDecember 31, 2020 , respectively.
(b) Includes amounts due to non-guarantor subsidiaries of
million as ofJune 30, 2021 andDecember 31, 2020 , respectively. Capital Requirements As a REIT, we are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we annually distribute to our shareholders an amount equal to at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for dividends paid and by excluding any net capital gain). Generally, we expect to distribute all or substantially all of our REIT taxable income so as not to be subject to the income or excise tax on undistributed REIT taxable income. The amount, timing and frequency of distributions will be at the sole discretion of our Board and will be based upon various factors. As discussed above, onApril 7, 2021 , we announced that our Board had immediately suspended our quarterly dividend payments with the goal of maximizing the use of cash flows to repay debt, deleverage and internally fund growth. While we currently intend to maintain our corporate tax structure as a REIT, our Board is evaluating our corporate tax structure as a REIT. We plan to fund all of our capital needs, including distributions of our REIT taxable income necessary to maintain our REIT qualification should our Board determine to maintain our REIT status., and capital expenditures, from cash on hand, cash from operations, borrowings under our Credit Facility and any other financings which our management and Board, in their discretion, may consummate. Currently, our primary source of liquidity to meet these requirements is cash flow from operations and borrowings under our$900.0 million Revolver. Our management believes that our financial resources and sources of liquidity will allow us to manage the anticipated impact of COVID-19 on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. For the full-year 2021, we have reduced our planned capital spending by deferring capital expenditure projects where possible and closely managing our working capital. We have completed our annual budgeting process and have identified cost savings at the corporate and facility level. Additionally, we have identified company-owned facilities that can be sold to government agencies or third-party individuals. Our management believes that cash on hand, cash flows from operations and availability under our Credit Facility will be adequate to support our capital requirements for 2021 as disclosed under "Capital Requirements" above. The challenges posed by COVID-19, as well as the current political environment, generally and on our business are continuing to evolve. Consequently, we will continue to evaluate our financial position in light of future developments, particularly those relating to the Executive Order and COVID-19.
Automatic Shelf Registration on Form S-3
Refer to Note 6 - Shareholders' Equity of the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Except as discussed in the notes to our Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Cash Flow
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents as of
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Table of Contents Operating Activities Cash provided by operating activities amounted to$205.6 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2021 versus cash provided by operating activities of$256.8 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 . Cash provided by operating activities during the six months endedJune 30, 2021 was positively impacted by net income attributable to GEO, non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortization, amortization of debt issuance costs, discount and/or premium and other non-cash interest and stock-based compensation expense. Equity in earnings of affiliates, net of tax, gain on extinguishment of debt and gain on disposition of real estate negatively impacted cash. Changes in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets decreased in total by$53.0 million , representing a positive impact on cash. The decrease was primarily driven by the favorable timing of billings and collections. Changes in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities decreased by$15.1 million which negatively impacted cash. The decrease was primarily driven by the timing of payments. Additionally, cash provided by operating activities for the six months endedJune 30, 2021 was positively impacted by a decrease in changes in contract receivable related to our correctional facility in Ravenhall,Australia of$3.2 million which was a result of the timing of interest accruals and payments received towards the contract receivable. Cash provided by operating activities during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 was positively impacted by net income attributable to GEO, non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortization, amortization of debt issuance costs, discount and/or premium and other non-cash interest and stock-based compensation expense. Equity in earnings of affiliates, net of tax, negatively impacted cash. Changes in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets decreased in total by$68.8 million , representing a positive impact on cash. The decrease was primarily driven by the favorable timing of billings and collections. Changes in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities increased by$38.0 million which positively impacted cash. The increase was primarily driven by the timing of payments. Additionally, cash provided by operating activities for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 was positively impacted by a decrease in changes in contract receivable related to our correctional facility in Ravenhall,Australia of$2.5 million which was a result of the timing of interest accruals and payments received towards the contract receivable.
Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities of$32.3 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2021 was primarily the result of capital expenditures of$44.3 million partially offset by proceeds from dispositions of real estate of$13.2 million . Cash used in investing activities of$49.2 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 was primarily the result of capital expenditures of$53.5 million .
Financing Activities
Cash used in financing activities during the six months endedJune 30, 2021 was approximately$32.5 million compared to cash used in financing activities of$167.4 million during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 . Cash used in financing activities during the six months endedJune 30, 2021 was primarily the result of dividends paid of$30.5 million , payments on long-term debt of$356.8 million , payments on non-recourse debt of$3.8 million and payments of debt issuance costs of$9.6 million . These decreases were partially offset by proceeds from long-term debt of$435.0 million . Cash used in financing activities during the six months endedJune 30, 2020 was primarily the result of dividends paid of$116.2 million , payments on long-term debt of$262.4 million , payments on non-recourse debt of$2.9 million and repurchases of common stock of$9.0 million . These decreases were partially offset by proceeds from long-term debt of$225.6 million . Non-GAAP Measures Funds from Operations ("FFO") is a widely accepted supplemental non-GAAP measure utilized to evaluate the operating performance of real estate investment trusts. It is defined in accordance with the standards established by theNational Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts , or NAREIT, which defines FFO as net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders (computed in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles), excluding real estate related depreciation and amortization, excluding gains and losses from the cumulative effects of accounting changes, extraordinary items and sales of properties, and including adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.
We also present Normalized Funds From Operations, or Normalized FFO, and Adjusted Funds from Operations, or AFFO, as supplemental non-GAAP financial measures of real estate investment trusts' operating performance.
Normalized FFO is defined as FFO adjusted for certain items which by their nature are not comparable from period to period or that tend to obscure the Company's actual operating performance, including for the periods presented Covid-19 expenses, pre-tax, gain on extinguishment of debt, pre-tax, one-time employee restructuring expenses, pre-tax, start-up expenses, pre-tax, close-out expenses, pre-tax and the tax effect of adjustments to FFO. AFFO is defined as Normalized FFO adjusted by adding non-cash expenses such as non-real estate related depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, the amortization of debt issuance costs, discount and/or premium and other non-cash interest, and by subtracting recurring consolidated maintenance capital expenditures and other non-cash revenue and expenses. Because of the unique design, structure and use of our secure facilities, processing centers and reentry centers, we believe that assessing the performance of our secure facilities, processing centers and reentry centers without the impact of depreciation or amortization is useful and meaningful to investors. Although NAREIT has published its definition of FFO, companies often modify this definition as they seek to provide financial measures that meaningfully reflect their distinctive operations. We have modified FFO to derive Normalized FFO and AFFO that meaningfully reflect our operations. 51
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Our assessment of our operations is focused on long-term sustainability. The adjustments we make to derive the non-GAAP measures of Normalized FFO and AFFO exclude items which may cause short-term fluctuations in net income attributable to GEO but have no impact on our cash flows, or we do not consider them to be fundamental attributes, or the primary drivers of our business plan and they do not affect our overall long-term operating performance. We may make adjustments to FFO from time to time for certain other income and expenses that do not reflect a necessary component of our operational performance on the basis discussed above, even though such items may require cash settlement. Because FFO, Normalized FFO and AFFO exclude depreciation and amortization unique to real estate as well as non-operational items and certain other charges that are highly variable from year to year, they provide our investors with performance measures that reflect the impact to operations from trends in occupancy rates, per diem rates, operating costs and interest costs, providing a perspective not immediately apparent from net income attributable to GEO. We believe the presentation of FFO, Normalized FFO and AFFO provide useful information to investors as they provide an indication of our ability to fund capital expenditures and expand our business. FFO, Normalized FFO and AFFO provide disclosure on the same basis as that used by our management and provide consistency in our financial reporting, facilitate internal and external comparisons of our historical operating performance and our business units and provide continuity to investors for comparability purposes. Additionally, FFO, Normalized FFO and AFFO are widely recognized measures in our industry as a real estate investment trust. Our reconciliation of net income attributable toThe GEO Group, Inc. to FFO, Normalized FFO and AFFO for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2021 and 2020 is as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 Net income attributable to The GEO Group, Inc.$ 41,959 $ 36,720 $ 92,504 $ 61,901 Add (Subtract): Real estate related depreciation and amortization 18,846 18,384 37,818 36,780 Loss (gain) on real estate assets 2,950 1,304 (10,379 ) 880 NAREIT Defined FFO$ 63,755 $ 56,408 $ 119,943 $ 99,561 Add (Subtract): Gain on extinguishment of debt, pre-tax (1,655 ) - (4,694 ) (1,563 ) Start-up expenses, pre-tax - 553 - 2,506 One-time employee restructuring expenses, pre-tax 7,459 - 7,459 - Covid-19 expenses, pre-tax - 3,877 - 4,769 Close-out expenses, pre-tax - 2,284 - 4,220 Tax effect of adjustments to Funds From Operations * 105 (1,599 ) 13 (762 ) Normalized Funds from Operations$ 69,664 $ 61,523 $ 122,721 $ 108,731 Add (Subtract): Non-real estate related depreciation and amortization 14,460 15,050 29,605 29,981 Consolidated maintenance capital expenditures (4,203 ) (4,139 ) (8,142 ) (11,166 ) Stock-based compensation expense 4,023 4,706 11,426 14,474 Other non-cash revenue & expenses (1,102 ) - (2,204 ) - Amortization of debt issuance costs, discount and/or premium and other non-cash interest 1,903 1,708 3,586 3,378 Adjusted Funds from Operations$ 84,745 $ 78,848 $ 156,992 $ 145,398
* Tax effect of adjustments relate to loss (gain) on real estate assets, gain
on extinguishment of debt, start-up expenses, Covid-19 expenses, severance
expenses and close-out expenses.
Outlook
The following discussion contains statements that are not historical statements and, therefore, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Our forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Please refer to "Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors" and the "Forward Looking Statements - Safe Harbor" sections in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2020 , as well as the "Part II - Item 1A. Risk Factors" and the "Forward-Looking Statements - Safe Harbor" section and other disclosures contained in the Form 10-Q for the quarter endedMarch 31, 2021 and this Form 10-Q for further discussion on forward-looking statements and the risks and other factors that could prevent us from achieving our goals and cause the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements and the actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by those forward-looking statements. 52
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Table of Contents Executive Order OnJanuary 26, 2021 ,President Biden signed an Executive Order directingthe United States Attorney General not to renewDOJ contracts with privately operated criminal detention facilities, as consistent with applicable law. Two agencies of theDOJ , the BOP and USMS, utilize our services. The BOP houses inmateswho have been convicted of federal crimes, and the USMS is generally responsible for detaineeswho are awaiting trial or sentencing inU.S. federal courts. Our contracts with the BOP for our company-owned 1,940-bedGreat Plains Correctional Facility , our company-owned 1,732-bedBig Spring Correctional Facility , our company-owned 1,800-bedFlightline Correctional Facility , and our company-owned 1,800-bedNorth Lake Correctional Facility have renewal option periods that expire onMay 31, 2021 ,November 30, 2021 ,November 30, 2021 , andSeptember 30, 2022 , respectively. Additionally, the contracts with the BOP for the county owned and managed 1,800-bed Reeves County Detention Center I & II and the 1,376-bed Reeves County Detention Center III have renewal option periods that expireSeptember 30, 2022 andJune 30, 2022 , respectively. We have a management agreement withReeves County, Texas for the management oversight of these two county-owned facilities. The Great Plains, Big Spring, Flightline, North Lake Correctional Facilities, Reeves County Detention Center I & II and Reeves County Detention Center III generated approximately$145 million in revenues for GEO during the year endedDecember 31, 2020 . The BOP has experienced a decline in federal prison populations over the last several years, a trend that has more recently been accelerated by the COVID-19 global pandemic. As a result of the Executive Order and the decline in federal prison populations, our above-described contracts with the BOP may not be renewed over the coming years. OnMarch 5, 2021 , we were notified by the BOP that it had decided to not exercise its contract renewal option for the company-owned, 1,940-bedGreat Plains Correctional Facility inOklahoma , when the contract base period expired onMay 31, 2021 . OnMarch 25, 2021 , we were notified that the BOP had decided to terminate its contract with the county-owned and managed Reeves County Detention Center I & II effectiveMay 10, 2021 . For the six months endedJune 30, 2021 , our secure services contracts with the BOP accounted for approximately 10% of our total revenues. Unlike the BOP, the USMS does not own and operate its detention facilities. The USMS contracts for the use of facilities, which are generally located in areas near federal courthouses, primarily through intergovernmental service agreements, and to a lesser extent, direct contracts. We are cooperating with the USMS in assessing various alternatives on how to comply with the Executive Order. During the first quarter of 2021, we were notified by the USMS that it would not renew its contract for the company-ownedQueens Detention Facility inNew York , when the contract base period ended onMarch 31, 2021 . We currently operate four additional detention facilities that are under direct contracts and eight detention facilities that are under intergovernmental agreements with the USMS. The four direct contracts are up for renewal at various times over the next few years, including two in late 2021. For the six months endedJune 30, 2021 , the direct contracts and intergovernmental agreements with the USMS accounted for approximately 16% of our total revenues. The Executive Order only applies to agencies that are part of theDOJ , which includes the BOP and USMS. ICE facilities are not covered by the Executive Order as ICE is an agency of theDepartment of Homeland Security , not theDOJ . However, it is possible that the federal government could choose to take similar action on ICE facilities in the future. For the six months endedJune 30, 2021 , contracts for ICE Processing Centers, not including the alternatives to detention contract under ISAP, accounted for approximately 24% of our total revenues.President Biden's administration may implement additional executive orders or directives relating to federal criminal justice policies and immigration policies which may impact the federal government's use of public-private partnerships with respect to correctional and detention needs, including with respect to our contracts, and/or may impact the budget and spending priorities of federal agencies, including the BOP, USMS, and ICE.
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic
InDecember 2019 , a novel strain of coronavirus, now known as COVID-19 ("COVID-19"), was reported inWuhan, China and has since extensively impacted the global health and economic environment. InJanuary 2020 , theWorld Health Organization ("WHO") declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. OnFebruary 28, 2020 , theWHO raised its assessment of the COVID-19 threat from high to very high at a global level due to the continued increase in the number of cases and affected countries, and onMarch 11, 2020 , theWHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic.
Health and Safety
From the beginning of the global COVID-19 pandemic, our corporate, regional, and field staff have taken steps to mitigate the risks of the novel coronavirus and have worked with our government partners to implement best practices consistent with the guidance issued by theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention ("CDC"). Ensuring the health and safety of all those entrusted to our care and of our employees has always been our number one priority. GEO's COVID-19 mitigation initiatives have included: 53
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• We issued guidance to all our facilities, consistent with the guidance issued
for correctional and detention facilities by theCDC . Testing
• We increased testing capabilities at our secure services facilities and
entered into contracts with multiple commercial labs to provide adequate
testing supplies and services.
• We invested approximately
NOW devices and testing kits capable of diagnosing not only COVID-19, but
Influenza and Strep Throat.
• By the end of June of 2021, we had administered more than 130,000 COVID-19
tests to those in our care at our secure services facilities.
Bi-Polar Ionization
• We invested
Systems at select secure services facilities to reduce the spread of airborne
bacteria and viruses.
• Bi-Polar Ionization Air Purification Systems are specially designed electronic
devices that create bi-polar - negative and positive - ions that can effectively break down a wide variety of harmful bacterial and viral contaminations into a less complex and safe form by attacking the DNA of bacteria and viruses.
Facemasks and Personal Hygiene Products
• We have provided continuing access to facemasks to all inmates and detainees,
with a minimum of three facemasks per week or more often upon request.
• We increased the frequency of distribution of personal hygiene products,
including soap, shampoo and body wash, and tissue paper, and we are ensuring
the daily availability of bars of soap or soap dispensers at each sink for
hand washing in all of our facilities. Social Distancing
• We have implemented social distancing pursuant to directives from our
government agency partners.
• We have communicated social distancing obligations and requirements via
meetings, memos, and postings.
• We deployed floor markers throughout our facilities to inform and encourage
social distancing.
• We have modified inmate/detainee movements to accommodate social distancing.
Engineering Controls
• We temporarily suspended onsite social visitation
• We established requirements for staff to complete a medical questionnaire and
pass a daily temperature check.
• We modified intake procedures to screen new inmates/detainees.
• We established isolation and quarantine procedures for COVID-19 positive and
symptomatic cases, consistent with
Administrative/Work Practice Controls
• We posted reminders regarding coughing and sneezing etiquette, the importance
of frequent handwashing, and the use of facemasks.
• We increased cleaning and disinfection of facilities, including high-touch
areas (e.g., doorknobs/handles, light switches, handheld radios), housing unit
dayrooms, dining areas, and other areas where inmates/detainees assemble.
• We advised our employees to remain home if they exhibit flu-like symptoms, and
we have exercised flexible paid leave and Paid Time Off policies to allow for
employees to remain home if they exhibit flu-like symptoms or to care for a
family member.
• We enacted quarantine and testing policies for any employees
into contact with an individual
Vaccination
• We are working closely with our government partners and
Departments to coordinate vaccination efforts for staff, inmates, detainees,
and residents at our secure facilities and reentry centers and programs across
the country and the coordination of these vaccination efforts is in alignment
with recommendations from the
Practices (ACIP), as well as criteria established through the Food and Drug
Administration approval process.
• The timing of vaccine distribution to staff, inmates, detainees, and residents
is presently being directed by the Local and State Health Departments in the
jurisdictions in which we operate through the guidance and prioritization
recommendations offered by theCDC and ACIP. 54
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• As of June of 2021, GEO has worked with our government agency partners and
State and Local Health Departments to administer approximately 25,000 doses of
the vaccine to inmates, detainees, and residents in our facilities.
• Our staff are not required, nor mandated, to receive the vaccine but will be
offered the vaccine when made available to them by their respective Local
and/or State Health Departments.
• We have also advised our staff that if they have any questions regarding
vaccination, they should direct them to their health care provider and/or
their respective Local/State
Along with implementing these measures, GEO is continuing to coordinate closely with our government agency partners and local health agencies to ensure the health and safety of all those in our care and our employees. We are grateful for our frontline employees,who are making sacrifices daily to provide care for all those in our facilities, during this unprecedented global pandemic. Information on the steps we have taken to address and mitigate the risks of COVID-19 can be found at www.geogroup.com/COVID19. The information on or accessible through our website is not incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Economic Impact
The COVID-19 pandemic and related government-imposed mandatory closures, the efficacy and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, shelter in-place restrictions and social distancing protocols and increased expenditures on engineering controls, personal protective equipment, diagnostic testing, medical expenses, temperature scanners, protective plexiglass barriers and increased sanitation have had, and will continue to have, a severe impact on global economic conditions and the environment in which we operate. Starting in late March and earlyApril 2020 , we began to observe negative impacts from the pandemic on our performance in our secure services business, specifically with our ICE Processing Centers andU.S. Marshals Facilities, as a result of a decrease in court sentencing at the federal level and reduced operational capacity to promote social distancing protocols which have continued into 2021. The federal government has also put in place Title 42 public health restrictions at the Southwest border, which result in the immediate removal of single adults apprehended byBorder Patrol . This reduced operational capacity and the Title 42 public health restrictions may result in reduced reliance by ICE on GEO for detention beds and/or ICE processing centers. Additionally, our reentry services business conducted through our GEO Care business segment has also been negatively impacted, specifically our residential reentry centers and non-residential day reporting programs were impacted by declines in programs due to lower levels of referrals by federal, state and local agencies. We have also experienced the transmission of COVID-19 at most of our facilities continuing in Second Quarter 2021 and to date in the third quarter of 2021. If we are unable to mitigate the transmission of COVID-19 at our facilities, we could experience a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. We expect the continued impact of COVID-19 in the form of reduced operational capacity and decline in programs during the first part of 2021 with a slow recovery to more normalized operations by the end of 2021. Although we are unable to predict the duration or scope of the COVID-19 pandemic or estimate the extent of the overall future negative financial impact to our operating results, an extended period of depressed economic activity necessitated by actions to combat the disease, and the severity and duration of the related global economic crisis may adversely impact our future financial performance.
Revenue
Due to the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, we are unable to determine the future landscape of growth opportunities in the near term; however, any positive trends may, to some extent, be adversely impacted by government budgetary constraints in light of the pandemic or any changes to a government's willingness to maintain or grow public-private partnerships in the future. While state finances overall were stable prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, future budgetary pressures may cause state agencies to pursue a number of cost savings initiatives which may include reductions in per diem rates and/or the scope of services provided by private operators or the decision to not re-bid a contract after expiration of the contract term. These potential cost savings initiatives could have a material adverse impact on our current operations and/or our ability to pursue new business opportunities. Additionally, if state budgetary constraints, as discussed above, persist or intensify, our state customers' ability to pay us may be impaired and/or we may be forced to renegotiate our management contracts on less favorable terms and our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be materially adversely impacted. We plan to actively bid on any new projects that fit our target profile for profitability and operational risk. Any positive trends in the industry may be offset by several factors, including budgetary constraints, contract modifications, contract terminations, contract non-renewals, contract re-bids and/or the decision to not re-bid a contract after expiration of the contract term and the impact of any other potential changes to the willingness or ability to maintain or grow public-private partnerships on the part of other government agencies. We believe we have a strong relationship with our government agency partners and we believe that we operate facilities that maximize security, safety and efficiency while offering our suite of GEOContinuum of Care services and resources. Prior to the Executive Order, we have historically had a relatively high contract renewal rate, however, there can be no assurance that we will be able to renew our expiring management contracts on favorable terms, or at all. Also, while we are pleased with our track record in re-bid situations, we cannot assure that we will prevail in any such future situations.California enacted legislation that became effective onJanuary 1, 2020 aimed at phasing out public-private partnership contracts for the operation of secure correctional facilities and detention facilities withinCalifornia and facilities outside of theState of California housingState of California inmates. Additionally, we have public-private partnership contracts in place with ICE and the USMS relating to secure services facilities located inCalifornia . Our contract for ourCentral Valley facility was discontinued by theState of California at the end ofSeptember 2019 , and our three otherCalifornia secure facility contracts for our Desert View, Golden State, andMcFarland Facilities were discontinued during 2020. During the fourth quarter of 2019, we signed two 15-year contracts with ICE for five company-owned facilities inCalifornia totaling 4,490 beds, including theCentral Valley , Desert View, and Golden State 55
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facilities and a managed-only contract with the USMS for the government-owned, 512-bed El Centro Service Processing Center inCalifornia . Additionally, we and theU.S. Department of Justice have filed separate legal actions challenging the constitutionality of the attempted ban on new federal contracts entered into after the effective date of theCalifornia law. Recently theState of Washington approved a similar measure banning the use of public-private partnership contracts for the operation of detention facilities in the state., that GEO is also challenging in federal court. GEO's contract for the company-owned 1,575-bed Northwest ICE Processing Center inWashington has a renewal option period that expires in 2025. The facility generates approximately$64 million in annualized revenues for GEO.The Delaware County Council has also been exploring how to end the public-private partnership arrangement for GEO's managed-only contract for the 1,883-bedGeorge W. Hill Correctional Facility located inThornton, Pennsylvania and transition the operations to the county.The George W. Hill Correctional Facility generates approximately$46 million in annualized revenue for GEO. Internationally, we are exploring opportunities in our current markets and will continue to actively bid on any opportunities that fit our target profile for profitability and operational risk. We are pleased to have been awarded a ten-year contract renewal for the continued delivery of secure transportation under our GEOAmey joint venture in theUnited Kingdom . Total revenue over the ten-year period is expected to be approximately$760 million . InNew South Wales, Australia , we have developed a 489-bed expansion at theJunee Correctional Centre which was substantially completed during the third quarter of 2020. We have also constructed a 137-bed expansion at theFulham Correctional Centre inVictoria, Australia . With respect to our Dungavel House Immigration Removal Centre in theUnited Kingdom , we were unfortunately unsuccessful in the current competitive rebid process and will transition the management contract inOctober 2021 . In addition, we transitioned theArthur Gorrie Correctional Centre to government operation in theState of Queensland, Australia at the end ofJune 2020 . With respect to our reentry services, electronic monitoring services, and community-based services business conducted through our GEO Care business segment, we are currently pursuing a number of business development opportunities. Related to opportunities for community-based reentry services, we are working with our existing federal, state, and local clients to leverage new opportunities for both residential reentry facilities as well as non-residential day reporting centers. However, in light of the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, we may not be successful. We continue to expend resources on informing federal, state and local governments about the benefits of public-private partnerships, and we anticipate that there will be new opportunities in the future as those efforts continue to yield results. We believe we are well positioned to capitalize on any suitable opportunities that become available in this area.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses consist of those expenses incurred in the operation and management of our contracts to provide services to our governmental clients. Labor and related costs represented 60% and 58.2% of our operating expenses during the six months endedJune 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Additional significant operating expenses include food, utilities and medical costs. During the six months endedJune 30, 2021 and 2020, operating expenses totaled 73.0% and 75.9%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues. We expect our operating expenses as a percentage of revenues in 2021 will be impacted by the opening of any new or existing idle facilities as a result of the cost of transitioning and/or start-up operations related to a facility opening. During 2021, we will incur carrying costs for facilities that are currently vacant. Additionally, we have increased our spending on engineering controls, personal protective equipment, diagnostic testing, medical expenses, temperature scanners, protective plexiglass barriers and increased sanitation as a result of COVID-19 and expect to incur several millions of dollars in such costs in 2021.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of corporate management salaries and benefits, professional fees and other administrative expenses. During the six months endedJune 30, 2021 and 2020, general and administrative expenses totaled 9.0% and 8.3%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues. We expect general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues in 2021 to remain consistent or decrease as a result of cost savings initiatives as well as less travel, marketing and other corporate administrative expenses primarily due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Idle Facilities
We are currently marketing approximately 9,500 vacant beds at seven of ourU.S. Secure Services and two of our GEO Care idle facilities to potential customers. The annual net carrying cost of our idle facilities in 2021 is estimated to be$8.0 million , inclusive of revenues earned on certain facilities during the first quarter of 2021 before they became idle, including depreciation expense of$11.7 million . As ofJune 30, 2021 , these nine facilities had a combined net book value of$225.5 million . We currently do not have any firm commitment or agreement in place to activate the remaining facilities. Historically, some facilities have been idle for multiple years before they received a new contract award. These idle facilities are included in theU.S. Secure Services and GEO Care segments. The per diem rates that we charge our clients often vary by contract across our portfolio. However, if the nine remaining idle facilities were to be activated using ourU.S. Secure Services and GEO Care average per diem rates in 2021 (calculated as theU.S. Secure Services and GEO Care revenue divided by the number ofU.S. Secure Services and GEO Care mandays) and based on the average occupancy rate in our facilities throughJune 30, 2021 , we would expect to receive incremental annualized revenue of approximately$220 million and an annualized increase in earnings per share of approximately$0.20 to$0.25 per share based on our average operating margins. 56
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